Add tun support

2025-08-23 01:56:48 +08:00 · 2023-04-23 19:51:48 +08:00
361 changed files with 6292 additions and 12415 deletions
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-name: Bug report
-description: "Submit Xray-core bug"
-body:
-  - type: checkboxes
-    attributes:
-      label: Integrity requirements
-      description: |-
-        Please check all of the following options to prove that you have read and understood the requirements, otherwise this issue will be closed.
-      options:
-        - label: I confirm that I have read the documentation, understand the meaning of all the configuration items I wrote, and did not pile up seemingly useful options or default values.
-          required: true
-        - label: I searched issues and did not find any similar issues.
-          required: true
-  - type: input
-    attributes:
-      label: Version
-      description: Version of Xray-core
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: Please provide a detailed description of the error. And the information you think valuable.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Reproduction Method
-      description: |-
-        Based on the configuration you provided below, provide the method to reproduce the bug.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |-
-        ## Configuration and Log Section
-        
-        ### For config
-        Please provide the configuration files that can reproduce the problem, including the server and client.
-        Don't just paste a big exported config file here. Eliminate useless inbound/outbound, rules, options, this can help determine the problem, if you really want to get help.
-
-        ### For logs
-        Please set the log level to debug first.
-        Restart Xray-core, then operate according to the reproduction method, try to reduce the irrelevant part in the log.
-        Remember to delete parts with personal information (such as UUID and IP).
-        Provide the log of Xray-core, not the log output by the panel or other things.
-
-        ### Finally
-        After removing parts that do not affect reproduction, provide the actual running **complete** file, do not only provide inbound or outbound or a few lines of logs based on your own judgment.
-        Put the content between the preset ```<details><pre><code>``` ```</code></pre></details>``` in the text box.
-        If the problem is very clear that only related to one end (such as core startup failure/crash after correctly writing the config according to the documents), N/A can be filled in for unnecessary areas below.
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Client config
-      value: |-
-        <details><pre><code>
-
-        </code></pre></details>
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Server config
-      value: |-
-        <details><pre><code>
-
-        </code></pre></details>
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Client log
-      value: |-
-        <details><pre><code>
-
-        </code></pre></details>
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Server log
-      value: |-
-        <details><pre><code>
-
-        </code></pre></details>
-    validations:
-      required: true
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report_zh.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report_zh.yml
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-name: bug反馈
-description: "提交 Xray-core bug"
-body:
-  - type: checkboxes
-    attributes:
-      label: 完整性要求
-      description: |-
-        请勾选以下所有选项以证明您已经阅读并理解了以下要求，否则该 issue 将被关闭。
-      options:
-        - label: 我保证阅读了文档，了解所有我编写的配置文件项的含义，而不是大量堆砌看似有用的选项或默认值。
-          required: true
-        - label: 我搜索了issues，没有发现已提出的类似问题。
-          required: true
-  - type: input
-    attributes:
-      label: 版本
-      description: 使用的Xray-core版本
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: 描述
-      description: 请提供错误的详细描述。以及你认为有价值的信息。
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: 重现方式
-      description: |-
-        基于你下面提供的配置，提供重现BUG方法。
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |-
-        ## 配置与日志部分
-        
-        ### 对于配置文件
-        请提供可以重现问题的配置文件，包括服务端和客户端。
-        不要直接在这里黏贴一大段导出的 config 文件。去掉无用的出入站、规则、选项，这可以帮助确定问题，如果你真的想得到帮助。
-        
-        ### 对于日志
-        请先将日志等级设置为 debug.
-        重启 Xray-core ，再按复现方式操作，尽量减少日志中的无关部分。
-        记得删除有关个人信息（如UUID与IP）的部分。
-        提供 Xray-core 的日志，而不是面板或者别的东西输出的日志。
-
-        ### 最后
-        在去掉不影响复现的部分后，提供实际运行的**完整**文件，不要出于自己的判断只提供入站出站或者几行日志。
-        把内容放在文本框预置的 ```<details><pre><code>``` 和 ```</code></pre></details>``` 中间。
-        如果问题十分明确只出现在某一端(如按文档正确编写配置后核心启动失败/崩溃)，可以在下面不需要的项目填入N/A.
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: 客户端配置
-      value: |-
-        <details><pre><code>
-
-        </code></pre></details>
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: 服务端配置
-      value: |-
-        <details><pre><code>
-
-        </code></pre></details>
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: 客户端日志
-      value: |-
-        <details><pre><code>
-
-        </code></pre></details>
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: 服务端日志
-      value: |-
-        <details><pre><code>
-
-        </code></pre></details>
-    validations:
-      required: true
--- a/.github/build/friendly-filenames.json
+++ b/.github/build/friendly-filenames.json
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  "android-arm64": { "friendlyName": "android-arm64-v8a" },
  "darwin-amd64": { "friendlyName": "macos-64" },
  "darwin-arm64": { "friendlyName": "macos-arm64-v8a" },
+  "dragonfly-amd64": { "friendlyName": "dragonfly-64" },
  "freebsd-386": { "friendlyName": "freebsd-32" },
  "freebsd-amd64": { "friendlyName": "freebsd-64" },
  "freebsd-arm64": { "friendlyName": "freebsd-arm64-v8a" },
@@ -21,7 +22,6 @@
  "linux-ppc64le": { "friendlyName": "linux-ppc64le" },
  "linux-ppc64": { "friendlyName": "linux-ppc64" },
  "linux-riscv64": { "friendlyName": "linux-riscv64" },
-  "linux-loong64": { "friendlyName": "linux-loong64" },
  "linux-s390x": { "friendlyName": "linux-s390x" },
  "openbsd-386": { "friendlyName": "openbsd-32" },
  "openbsd-amd64": { "friendlyName": "openbsd-64" },
@@ -31,4 +31,4 @@
  "windows-amd64": { "friendlyName": "windows-64" },
  "windows-arm64": { "friendlyName": "windows-arm64-v8a" },
  "windows-arm7": { "friendlyName": "windows-arm32-v7a" }
-}
+}
--- a/.github/docker/Dockerfile
+++ b/.github/docker/Dockerfile
@@ -18,5 +18,4 @@ RUN set -ex \

 VOLUME /etc/xray
 ENV TZ=Asia/Shanghai
-ENTRYPOINT [ "/usr/bin/xray" ]
-CMD [ "-config", "/etc/xray/config.json" ]
+CMD [ "/usr/bin/xray", "-config", "/etc/xray/config.json" ]
--- a/.github/docker/files/config.json
+++ b/.github/docker/files/config.json
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
      "clients": [
        {
          "id": "1eb6e917-774b-4a84-aff6-b058577c60a5",
-          "level": 1
+          "level": 1,
+          "alterId": 64
        }
      ]
    }
--- a/.github/workflows/docker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docker.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: Build docker image
 on:
  push:
    branches:
-      - main
+      - '*'

 jobs:
  build-image:
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ jobs:
    permissions:
      packages: write
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Docker metadata
        id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v4
        with:
          images: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/xray-core
          flavor: latest=true
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
            type=ref,event=pr
            type=semver,pattern={{version}}
      - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v2
        with:
          registry: ghcr.io
          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
@@ -31,15 +31,15 @@ jobs:
      - # Add support for more platforms with QEMU (optional)
        # https://github.com/docker/setup-qemu-action
        name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
      - name: Build and push
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v4
        with:
          context: .
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
          file: .github/docker/Dockerfile
          push: true
          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
-          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -1,11 +1,5 @@
 name: Build and Release

-# NOTE: This Github Actions file depends on the Makefile.
-#       Building the correct package requires the correct binaries generated by the Makefile. To 
-#       ensure the correct output, the Makefile must accept the appropriate input and compile the 
-#       correct file with the correct name. If you need to modify this file, please ensure it won't 
-#       disrupt the Makefile.
-
 on:
  workflow_dispatch:
  release:
@@ -30,14 +24,14 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Restore Cache
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@v3
        with:
          path: resources
          key: xray-geodat-

      - name: Update Geodat
        id: update
-        uses: nick-fields/retry@v3
+        uses: nick-fields/retry@v2
        with:
          timeout_minutes: 60
          retry_wait_seconds: 60
@@ -63,7 +57,7 @@ jobs:
            done

      - name: Save Cache
-        uses: actions/cache/save@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/save@v3
        if: ${{ steps.update.outputs.unhit }}
        with:
          path: resources
@@ -76,10 +70,12 @@ jobs:
    strategy:
      matrix:
        # Include amd64 on all platforms.
-        goos: [windows, freebsd, openbsd, linux, darwin]
+        goos: [windows, freebsd, openbsd, linux, dragonfly, darwin]
        goarch: [amd64, 386]
        exclude:
-          # Exclude i386 on darwin
+          # Exclude i386 on darwin and dragonfly.
+          - goarch: 386
+            goos: dragonfly
          - goarch: 386
            goos: darwin
        include:
@@ -109,14 +105,12 @@ jobs:
            goarch: arm
            goarm: 7
          # BEGIN Other architectures
-          # BEGIN riscv64 & ARM64 & LOONG64
+          # BEGIN riscv64 & ARM64
          - goos: linux
            goarch: arm64
          - goos: linux
            goarch: riscv64
-          - goos: linux
-            goarch: loong64
-          # END riscv64 & ARM64 & LOONG64
+          # END riscv64 & ARM64
          # BEGIN MIPS
          - goos: linux
            goarch: mips64
@@ -162,7 +156,7 @@ jobs:
      CGO_ENABLED: 0
    steps:
      - name: Checkout codebase
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Show workflow information 
        run: |
@@ -171,22 +165,47 @@ jobs:
          echo "ASSET_NAME=$_NAME" >> $GITHUB_ENV

      - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
+          go-version: '1.20'
          check-latest: true

      - name: Get project dependencies
        run: go mod download
      
+      - name: Replace Custom to Commit ID
+        if: github.event_name != 'release'
+        run: |
+          ID=$(git rev-parse --short ${{ github.sha }})
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" == 'pull_request' ]
+          then
+            ID=$(git rev-parse --short ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }})
+          fi
+          sed -i '/build/ s/Custom/'$ID'/' ./core/core.go
+ 
      - name: Build Xray
        run: |
          mkdir -p build_assets
-          make
-          find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -regex '.*\(wxray\|xray\|xray_softfloat\)\(\|.exe\)' -exec mv {} ./build_assets/ \;
+          go build -v -o build_assets/xray -trimpath -ldflags "-s -w -buildid=" -tags with_gvisor ./main
+
+      - name: Build background Xray on Windows 
+        if: matrix.goos == 'windows'
+        run: |
+          go build -v -o build_assets/wxray.exe -trimpath -ldflags "-s -w -H windowsgui -buildid=" -tags with_gvisor ./main
+    
+      - name: Build Mips softfloat Xray
+        if: matrix.goarch == 'mips' || matrix.goarch == 'mipsle'
+        run: |
+          GOMIPS=softfloat go build -v -o build_assets/xray_softfloat -trimpath -ldflags "-s -w -buildid=" ./main
+
+      - name: Rename Windows Xray
+        if: matrix.goos == 'windows'
+        run: |
+          cd ./build_assets || exit 1
+          mv xray xray.exe

      - name: Restore Cache
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@v3
        with:
          path: resources
          key: xray-geodat-
@@ -216,7 +235,7 @@ jobs:
          mv build_assets Xray-${{ env.ASSET_NAME }}

      - name: Upload files to Artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: Xray-${{ env.ASSET_NAME }}
          path: |
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -27,15 +27,15 @@ jobs:
      matrix:
        os: [windows-latest, ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
    steps:
-      - name: Checkout codebase
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
+          go-version: '1.20'
          check-latest: true
+      - name: Checkout codebase
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Restore Cache
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@v3
        with:
          path: resources
          key: xray-geodat-
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 *.zip
 *.tar.gz
 xray
-xray_softfloat
 mockgen
 vprotogen
 !infra/vprotogen/
@@ -27,4 +26,3 @@ errorgen
 !common/errors/errorgen/
 *.dat
 .vscode
-/build_assets
--- a/40
+++ b/40
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-NAME = xray
-
-VERSION=$(shell git describe --always --dirty)
-
-# NOTE: This MAKEFILE can be used to build Xray-core locally and in Automatic workflows. It is \
-	provided for convinience in automatic building and functions as a part of it.
-# NOTE: If you need to modify this file, please be aware that:\
-	- This file is not the main Makefile; it only accepts environment variables and builds the \
-	binary.\
-	- Automatic building expects the correct binaries to be built by this Makefile. If you \
-	intend to propose a change to this Makefile, carefully review the file below and ensure \
-	that the change will not accidently break the automatic building:\
-		.github/workflows/release.yml \
-	Otherwise it is recommended to contact the project maintainers.
-
-LDFLAGS = -X github.com/xtls/xray-core/core.build=$(VERSION) -s -w -buildid=
-PARAMS = -trimpath -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -v
-MAIN = ./main
-PREFIX ?= $(shell go env GOPATH)
-ifeq ($(GOOS),windows)
-OUTPUT = $(NAME).exe
-ADDITION = go build -o w$(NAME).exe -trimpath -ldflags "-H windowsgui $(LDFLAGS)" -v $(MAIN)
-else
-OUTPUT = $(NAME)
-endif
-ifeq ($(shell echo "$(GOARCH)" | grep -Pq "(mips|mipsle)" && echo true),true) # 
-ADDITION = GOMIPS=softfloat go build -o $(NAME)_softfloat -trimpath -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -v $(MAIN)
-endif
-.PHONY: clean
-
-build:
-	go build -o $(OUTPUT) $(PARAMS) $(MAIN)
-	$(ADDITION)
-
-install:
-	go build -o $(PREFIX)/bin/$(OUTPUT) $(PARAMS) $(MAIN)
-
-clean:
-	go clean -v -i $(PWD)
-	rm -f xray xray.exe wxray.exe xray_softfloat
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -21,20 +21,18 @@
 ## Installation

 - Linux Script
-  - [XTLS/Xray-install](https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-install) (**Official**)
-  - [tempest](https://github.com/team-cloudchaser/tempest) (supports [`systemd`](https://systemd.io) and [OpenRC](https://github.com/OpenRC/openrc); Linux-only)
+  - [XTLS/Xray-install](https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-install)
 - Docker
-  - [ghcr.io/xtls/xray-core](https://ghcr.io/xtls/xray-core) (**Official**)
  - [teddysun/xray](https://hub.docker.com/r/teddysun/xray)
 - Web Panel
-  - [X-UI-English](https://github.com/NidukaAkalanka/x-ui-english), [3X-UI](https://github.com/MHSanaei/3x-ui), [X-UI](https://github.com/alireza0/x-ui), [X-UI](https://github.com/diditra/x-ui)
+  - [X-UI](https://github.com/FranzKafkaYu/x-ui), [X-UI-English](https://github.com/NidukaAkalanka/x-ui-english), [3X-UI](https://github.com/MHSanaei/3x-ui), [X-UI](https://github.com/alireza0/x-ui), [X-UI](https://github.com/diditra/x-ui)
  - [Xray-UI](https://github.com/qist/xray-ui), [X-UI](https://github.com/sing-web/x-ui)
  - [Hiddify](https://github.com/hiddify/hiddify-config)
  - [Marzban](https://github.com/Gozargah/Marzban)
  - [Libertea](https://github.com/VZiChoushaDui/Libertea)
 - One Click
-  - [Xray-REALITY](https://github.com/zxcvos/Xray-script), [xray-reality](https://github.com/sajjaddg/xray-reality), [reality-ezpz](https://github.com/aleskxyz/reality-ezpz)
-  - [Xray_bash_onekey](https://github.com/hello-yunshu/Xray_bash_onekey), [XTool](https://github.com/LordPenguin666/XTool)
+  - [Xray-script](https://github.com/kirin10000/Xray-script), [Xray-REALITY](https://github.com/zxcvos/Xray-script), [LetsXray](https://github.com/tdjnodj/LetsXray)
+  - [XTool](https://github.com/LordPenguin666/XTool), [Xray_bash_onekey](https://github.com/hello-yunshu/Xray_bash_onekey), [xray-reality](https://github.com/sajjaddg/xray-reality)
  - [v2ray-agent](https://github.com/mack-a/v2ray-agent), [Xray_onekey](https://github.com/wulabing/Xray_onekey), [ProxySU](https://github.com/proxysu/ProxySU)
 - Magisk
  - [Xray4Magisk](https://github.com/Asterisk4Magisk/Xray4Magisk)
@@ -56,8 +54,6 @@
  - [XTLS Vision](https://github.com/chika0801/Xray-install)
  - [REALITY (English)](https://cscot.pages.dev/2023/03/02/Xray-REALITY-tutorial/)
  - [XTLS-Iran-Reality (English)](https://github.com/SasukeFreestyle/XTLS-Iran-Reality)
-  - [Xray REALITY with 'steal oneself' (English)](https://computerscot.github.io/vless-xtls-utls-reality-steal-oneself.html)
-  - [Xray with WireGuard inbound (English)](https://g800.pages.dev/wireguard)

 ## GUI Clients

@@ -67,40 +63,27 @@
  - [luci-app-xray](https://github.com/yichya/luci-app-xray) ([openwrt-xray](https://github.com/yichya/openwrt-xray))
 - Windows
  - [v2rayN](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN)
-  - [NekoRay](https://github.com/Matsuridayo/nekoray)
-  - [Furious](https://github.com/LorenEteval/Furious)
-  - [HiddifyN](https://github.com/hiddify/HiddifyN)
  - [Invisible Man - Xray](https://github.com/InvisibleManVPN/InvisibleMan-XRayClient)
 - Android
  - [v2rayNG](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayNG)
-  - [HiddifyNG](https://github.com/hiddify/HiddifyNG)
  - [X-flutter](https://github.com/XTLS/X-flutter)
 - iOS & macOS arm64
-  - [FoXray](https://apps.apple.com/app/foxray/id6448898396)
-  - [Streisand](https://apps.apple.com/app/streisand/id6450534064)
+  - [Mango](https://github.com/arror/Mango)
+  - [Wings X](https://apps.apple.com/app/wings-x/id6446119727)
 - macOS arm64 & x64
-  - [V2rayU](https://github.com/yanue/V2rayU)
  - [V2RayXS](https://github.com/tzmax/V2RayXS)
-  - [Furious](https://github.com/LorenEteval/Furious)
-  - [FoXray](https://apps.apple.com/app/foxray/id6448898396)
- Linux
-  - [v2rayA](https://github.com/v2rayA/v2rayA)
-  - [NekoRay](https://github.com/Matsuridayo/nekoray)
-  - [Furious](https://github.com/LorenEteval/Furious)
+  - [Wings X](https://apps.apple.com/app/wings-x/id6446119727)

 ## Others that support VLESS, XTLS, REALITY, XUDP, PLUX...

 - iOS & macOS arm64
  - [Shadowrocket](https://apps.apple.com/app/shadowrocket/id932747118)
- Xray Tools
-  - [xray-knife](https://github.com/lilendian0x00/xray-knife)
+  - [Stash](https://apps.apple.com/app/stash/id1596063349)
 - Xray Wrapper
-  - [XTLS/libXray](https://github.com/XTLS/libXray)
  - [xtlsapi](https://github.com/hiddify/xtlsapi)
  - [AndroidLibXrayLite](https://github.com/2dust/AndroidLibXrayLite)
  - [XrayKit](https://github.com/arror/XrayKit)
-  - [Xray-core-python](https://github.com/LorenEteval/Xray-core-python)
-  - [xray-api](https://github.com/XVGuardian/xray-api)
+  - [libxray](https://github.com/KouYiGuo/libxray)
 - [XrayR](https://github.com/XrayR-project/XrayR)
  - [XrayR-release](https://github.com/XrayR-project/XrayR-release)
  - [XrayR-V2Board](https://github.com/missuo/XrayR-V2Board)
@@ -120,28 +103,36 @@

 ## Credits

- [Xray-core v1.0.0](https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/tag/v1.0.0) was forked from [v2fly-core 9a03cc5](https://github.com/v2fly/v2ray-core/commit/9a03cc5c98d04cc28320fcee26dbc236b3291256), and we have made & accumulated a huge number of enhancements over time, check [the release notes for each version](https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases).
- For third-party projects used in [Xray-core](https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core), check your local or [the latest go.mod](https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/blob/main/go.mod).
+This repo relies on the following third-party projects:
+
+- Special thanks:
+  - [v2fly/v2ray-core](https://github.com/v2fly/v2ray-core)
+- In production:
+  - [ghodss/yaml](https://github.com/ghodss/yaml)
+  - [gorilla/websocket](https://github.com/gorilla/websocket)
+  - [quic-go/quic-go](https://github.com/quic-go/quic-go)
+  - [pelletier/go-toml](https://github.com/pelletier/go-toml)
+  - [pires/go-proxyproto](https://github.com/pires/go-proxyproto)
+  - [refraction-networking/utls](https://github.com/refraction-networking/utls)
+  - [seiflotfy/cuckoofilter](https://github.com/seiflotfy/cuckoofilter)
+  - [google/starlark-go](https://github.com/google/starlark-go)
+- For testing only:
+  - [miekg/dns](https://github.com/miekg/dns)
+  - [stretchr/testify](https://github.com/stretchr/testify)
+  - [h12w/socks](https://github.com/h12w/socks)

 ## Compilation

-### Windows (PowerShell)
+### Windows

-```powershell
-$env:CGO_ENABLED=0
+```bash
 go build -o xray.exe -trimpath -ldflags "-s -w -buildid=" ./main
 ```

 ### Linux / macOS

 ```bash
-CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o xray -trimpath -ldflags "-s -w -buildid=" ./main
-```
-
-### Reproducible Releases
-
-```bash
-make
+go build -o xray -trimpath -ldflags "-s -w -buildid=" ./main
 ```

 ## Stargazers over time
--- a/app/commander/commander.go
+++ b/app/commander/commander.go
@@ -21,14 +21,12 @@ type Commander struct {
 	services []Service
 	ohm      outbound.Manager
 	tag      string
-	listen   string
 }

 // NewCommander creates a new Commander based on the given config.
 func NewCommander(ctx context.Context, config *Config) (*Commander, error) {
 	c := &Commander{
-		tag:    config.Tag,
-		listen: config.Listen,
+		tag: config.Tag,
 	}

 	common.Must(core.RequireFeatures(ctx, func(om outbound.Manager) {
@@ -68,29 +66,16 @@ func (c *Commander) Start() error {
 	}
 	c.Unlock()

-	var listen = func(listener net.Listener) {
-		if err := c.server.Serve(listener); err != nil {
-			newError("failed to start grpc server").Base(err).AtError().WriteToLog()
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(c.listen) > 0 {
-		if l, err := net.Listen("tcp", c.listen); err != nil {
-			newError("API server failed to listen on ", c.listen).Base(err).AtError().WriteToLog()
-			return err
-		} else {
-			newError("API server listening on ", l.Addr()).AtInfo().WriteToLog()
-			go listen(l)
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
 	listener := &OutboundListener{
 		buffer: make(chan net.Conn, 4),
 		done:   done.New(),
 	}

-	go listen(listener)
+	go func() {
+		if err := c.server.Serve(listener); err != nil {
+			newError("failed to start grpc server").Base(err).AtError().WriteToLog()
+		}
+	}()

 	if err := c.ohm.RemoveHandler(context.Background(), c.tag); err != nil {
 		newError("failed to remove existing handler").WriteToLog()
--- a/app/commander/config.pb.go
+++ b/app/commander/config.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
 // 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
-// 	protoc        v4.25.3
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: app/commander/config.proto

 package commander
@@ -29,8 +29,6 @@ type Config struct {

 	// Tag of the outbound handler that handles grpc connections.
 	Tag string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=tag,proto3" json:"tag,omitempty"`
-	// Network address of commander grpc service.
-	Listen string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=listen,proto3" json:"listen,omitempty"`
 	// Services that supported by this server. All services must implement Service
 	// interface.
 	Service []*serial.TypedMessage `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=service,proto3" json:"service,omitempty"`
@@ -75,13 +73,6 @@ func (x *Config) GetTag() string {
 	return ""
 }

-func (x *Config) GetListen() string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Listen
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
 func (x *Config) GetService() []*serial.TypedMessage {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.Service
@@ -136,21 +127,20 @@ var file_app_commander_config_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72,
 	0x1a, 0x21, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x69, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x2f,
 	0x74, 0x79, 0x70, 0x65, 0x64, 0x5f, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72,
-	0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x22, 0x6e, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x12, 0x10, 0x0a,
+	0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x22, 0x56, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x12, 0x10, 0x0a,
 	0x03, 0x74, 0x61, 0x67, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x03, 0x74, 0x61, 0x67, 0x12,
-	0x16, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x73, 0x74, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x18, 0x03, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52,
-	0x06, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x73, 0x74, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x12, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x07, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x76, 0x69,
-	0x63, 0x65, 0x18, 0x02, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x20, 0x2e, 0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e,
-	0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x2e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x69, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x2e, 0x54, 0x79,
-	0x70, 0x65, 0x64, 0x4d, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x52, 0x07, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x76,
-	0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x22, 0x12, 0x0a, 0x10, 0x52, 0x65, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f,
-	0x6e, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x42, 0x58, 0x0a, 0x16, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2e, 0x78,
-	0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65,
-	0x72, 0x50, 0x01, 0x5a, 0x27, 0x67, 0x69, 0x74, 0x68, 0x75, 0x62, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2f,
-	0x78, 0x74, 0x6c, 0x73, 0x2f, 0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2d, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x2f, 0x61,
-	0x70, 0x70, 0x2f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0xaa, 0x02, 0x12, 0x58,
-	0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x41, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2e, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65,
-	0x72, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
+	0x3a, 0x0a, 0x07, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x18, 0x02, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x0b,
+	0x32, 0x20, 0x2e, 0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x2e, 0x73,
+	0x65, 0x72, 0x69, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x2e, 0x54, 0x79, 0x70, 0x65, 0x64, 0x4d, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x61,
+	0x67, 0x65, 0x52, 0x07, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x22, 0x12, 0x0a, 0x10, 0x52,
+	0x65, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x42,
+	0x58, 0x0a, 0x16, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2e, 0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2e,
+	0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x50, 0x01, 0x5a, 0x27, 0x67, 0x69, 0x74,
+	0x68, 0x75, 0x62, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x78, 0x74, 0x6c, 0x73, 0x2f, 0x78, 0x72, 0x61,
+	0x79, 0x2d, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x2f, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d, 0x61,
+	0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0xaa, 0x02, 0x12, 0x58, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x41, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2e,
+	0x43, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f,
+	0x33,
 }

 var (
--- a/app/commander/config.proto
+++ b/app/commander/config.proto
@@ -12,10 +12,6 @@ import "common/serial/typed_message.proto";
 message Config {
  // Tag of the outbound handler that handles grpc connections.
  string tag = 1;
-
-  // Network address of commander grpc service.
-  string listen = 3;
-
  // Services that supported by this server. All services must implement Service
  // interface.
  repeated xray.common.serial.TypedMessage service = 2;
--- a/app/dispatcher/config.pb.go
+++ b/app/dispatcher/config.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: app/dispatcher/config.proto

 package dispatcher
--- a/app/dispatcher/default.go
+++ b/app/dispatcher/default.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ package dispatcher

 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -134,10 +135,77 @@ func (*DefaultDispatcher) Start() error {
 // Close implements common.Closable.
 func (*DefaultDispatcher) Close() error { return nil }

-func (d *DefaultDispatcher) getLink(ctx context.Context) (*transport.Link, *transport.Link) {
-	opt := pipe.OptionsFromContext(ctx)
-	uplinkReader, uplinkWriter := pipe.New(opt...)
-	downlinkReader, downlinkWriter := pipe.New(opt...)
+func (d *DefaultDispatcher) getLink(ctx context.Context, network net.Network, sniffing session.SniffingRequest) (*transport.Link, *transport.Link) {
+	downOpt := pipe.OptionsFromContext(ctx)
+	upOpt := downOpt
+
+	if network == net.Network_UDP {
+		var ip2domain *sync.Map // net.IP.String() => domain, this map is used by server side when client turn on fakedns
+		// Client will send domain address in the buffer.UDP.Address, server record all possible target IP addrs.
+		// When target replies, server will restore the domain and send back to client.
+		// Note: this map is not global but per connection context
+		upOpt = append(upOpt, pipe.OnTransmission(func(mb buf.MultiBuffer) buf.MultiBuffer {
+			for i, buffer := range mb {
+				if buffer.UDP == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				addr := buffer.UDP.Address
+				if addr.Family().IsIP() {
+					if fkr0, ok := d.fdns.(dns.FakeDNSEngineRev0); ok && fkr0.IsIPInIPPool(addr) && sniffing.Enabled {
+						domain := fkr0.GetDomainFromFakeDNS(addr)
+						if len(domain) > 0 {
+							buffer.UDP.Address = net.DomainAddress(domain)
+							newError("[fakedns client] override with domain: ", domain, " for xUDP buffer at ", i).WriteToLog(session.ExportIDToError(ctx))
+						} else {
+							newError("[fakedns client] failed to find domain! :", addr.String(), " for xUDP buffer at ", i).AtWarning().WriteToLog(session.ExportIDToError(ctx))
+						}
+					}
+				} else {
+					if ip2domain == nil {
+						ip2domain = new(sync.Map)
+						newError("[fakedns client] create a new map").WriteToLog(session.ExportIDToError(ctx))
+					}
+					domain := addr.Domain()
+					ips, err := d.dns.LookupIP(domain, dns.IPOption{true, true, false})
+					if err == nil {
+						for _, ip := range ips {
+							ip2domain.Store(ip.String(), domain)
+						}
+						newError("[fakedns client] candidate ip: "+fmt.Sprintf("%v", ips), " for xUDP buffer at ", i).WriteToLog(session.ExportIDToError(ctx))
+					} else {
+						newError("[fakedns client] failed to look up IP for ", domain, " for xUDP buffer at ", i).Base(err).WriteToLog(session.ExportIDToError(ctx))
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return mb
+		}))
+		downOpt = append(downOpt, pipe.OnTransmission(func(mb buf.MultiBuffer) buf.MultiBuffer {
+			for i, buffer := range mb {
+				if buffer.UDP == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				addr := buffer.UDP.Address
+				if addr.Family().IsIP() {
+					if ip2domain == nil {
+						continue
+					}
+					if domain, found := ip2domain.Load(addr.IP().String()); found {
+						buffer.UDP.Address = net.DomainAddress(domain.(string))
+						newError("[fakedns client] restore domain: ", domain.(string), " for xUDP buffer at ", i).WriteToLog(session.ExportIDToError(ctx))
+					}
+				} else {
+					if fkr0, ok := d.fdns.(dns.FakeDNSEngineRev0); ok {
+						fakeIp := fkr0.GetFakeIPForDomain(addr.Domain())
+						buffer.UDP.Address = fakeIp[0]
+						newError("[fakedns client] restore FakeIP: ", buffer.UDP, fmt.Sprintf("%v", fakeIp), " for xUDP buffer at ", i).WriteToLog(session.ExportIDToError(ctx))
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return mb
+		}))
+	}
+	uplinkReader, uplinkWriter := pipe.New(upOpt...)
+	downlinkReader, downlinkWriter := pipe.New(downOpt...)

 	inboundLink := &transport.Link{
 		Reader: downlinkReader,
@@ -195,11 +263,11 @@ func (d *DefaultDispatcher) shouldOverride(ctx context.Context, result SniffResu
 		protocolString = resComp.ProtocolForDomainResult()
 	}
 	for _, p := range request.OverrideDestinationForProtocol {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(protocolString, p) || strings.HasPrefix(p, protocolString) {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(protocolString, p) {
 			return true
 		}
 		if fkr0, ok := d.fdns.(dns.FakeDNSEngineRev0); ok && protocolString != "bittorrent" && p == "fakedns" &&
-			fkr0.IsIPInIPPool(destination.Address) {
+			destination.Address.Family().IsIP() && fkr0.IsIPInIPPool(destination.Address) {
 			newError("Using sniffer ", protocolString, " since the fake DNS missed").WriteToLog(session.ExportIDToError(ctx))
 			return true
 		}
@@ -218,14 +286,10 @@ func (d *DefaultDispatcher) Dispatch(ctx context.Context, destination net.Destin
 	if !destination.IsValid() {
 		panic("Dispatcher: Invalid destination.")
 	}
-	outbounds := session.OutboundsFromContext(ctx)
-	if len(outbounds) == 0 {
-		outbounds = []*session.Outbound{{}}
-		ctx = session.ContextWithOutbounds(ctx, outbounds)
+	ob := &session.Outbound{
+		Target: destination,
 	}
-	ob := outbounds[len(outbounds) - 1]
-	ob.OriginalTarget = destination
-	ob.Target = destination
+	ctx = session.ContextWithOutbound(ctx, ob)
 	content := session.ContentFromContext(ctx)
 	if content == nil {
 		content = new(session.Content)
@@ -233,7 +297,7 @@ func (d *DefaultDispatcher) Dispatch(ctx context.Context, destination net.Destin
 	}

 	sniffingRequest := content.SniffingRequest
-	inbound, outbound := d.getLink(ctx)
+	inbound, outbound := d.getLink(ctx, destination.Network, sniffingRequest)
 	if !sniffingRequest.Enabled {
 		go d.routedDispatch(ctx, outbound, destination)
 	} else {
@@ -250,15 +314,7 @@ func (d *DefaultDispatcher) Dispatch(ctx context.Context, destination net.Destin
 				domain := result.Domain()
 				newError("sniffed domain: ", domain).WriteToLog(session.ExportIDToError(ctx))
 				destination.Address = net.ParseAddress(domain)
-				protocol := result.Protocol()
-				if resComp, ok := result.(SnifferResultComposite); ok {
-					protocol = resComp.ProtocolForDomainResult()
-				}
-				isFakeIP := false
-				if fkr0, ok := d.fdns.(dns.FakeDNSEngineRev0); ok && fkr0.IsIPInIPPool(ob.Target.Address) {
-					isFakeIP = true
-				}
-				if sniffingRequest.RouteOnly && protocol != "fakedns" && protocol != "fakedns+others" && !isFakeIP {
+				if sniffingRequest.RouteOnly && result.Protocol() != "fakedns" {
 					ob.RouteTarget = destination
 				} else {
 					ob.Target = destination
@@ -275,14 +331,10 @@ func (d *DefaultDispatcher) DispatchLink(ctx context.Context, destination net.De
 	if !destination.IsValid() {
 		return newError("Dispatcher: Invalid destination.")
 	}
-	outbounds := session.OutboundsFromContext(ctx)
-	if len(outbounds) == 0 {
-		outbounds = []*session.Outbound{{}}
-		ctx = session.ContextWithOutbounds(ctx, outbounds)
+	ob := &session.Outbound{
+		Target: destination,
 	}
-	ob := outbounds[len(outbounds) - 1]
-	ob.OriginalTarget = destination
-	ob.Target = destination
+	ctx = session.ContextWithOutbound(ctx, ob)
 	content := session.ContentFromContext(ctx)
 	if content == nil {
 		content = new(session.Content)
@@ -304,15 +356,7 @@ func (d *DefaultDispatcher) DispatchLink(ctx context.Context, destination net.De
 			domain := result.Domain()
 			newError("sniffed domain: ", domain).WriteToLog(session.ExportIDToError(ctx))
 			destination.Address = net.ParseAddress(domain)
-			protocol := result.Protocol()
-			if resComp, ok := result.(SnifferResultComposite); ok {
-				protocol = resComp.ProtocolForDomainResult()
-			}
-			isFakeIP := false
-			if fkr0, ok := d.fdns.(dns.FakeDNSEngineRev0); ok && fkr0.IsIPInIPPool(ob.Target.Address) {
-				isFakeIP = true
-			}
-			if sniffingRequest.RouteOnly && protocol != "fakedns" && protocol != "fakedns+others" && !isFakeIP {
+			if sniffingRequest.RouteOnly && result.Protocol() != "fakedns" {
 				ob.RouteTarget = destination
 			} else {
 				ob.Target = destination
@@ -369,9 +413,9 @@ func sniffer(ctx context.Context, cReader *cachedReader, metadataOnly bool, netw
 	}
 	return contentResult, contentErr
 }
+
 func (d *DefaultDispatcher) routedDispatch(ctx context.Context, link *transport.Link, destination net.Destination) {
-	outbounds := session.OutboundsFromContext(ctx)
-	ob := outbounds[len(outbounds) - 1]
+	ob := session.OutboundFromContext(ctx)
 	if hosts, ok := d.dns.(dns.HostsLookup); ok && destination.Address.Family().IsDomain() {
 		proxied := hosts.LookupHosts(ob.Target.String())
 		if proxied != nil {
@@ -428,7 +472,6 @@ func (d *DefaultDispatcher) routedDispatch(ctx context.Context, link *transport.
 		return
 	}

-	ob.Tag = handler.Tag()
 	if accessMessage := log.AccessMessageFromContext(ctx); accessMessage != nil {
 		if tag := handler.Tag(); tag != "" {
 			if inTag == "" {
--- a/app/dispatcher/fakednssniffer.go
+++ b/app/dispatcher/fakednssniffer.go
@@ -26,12 +26,11 @@ func newFakeDNSSniffer(ctx context.Context) (protocolSnifferWithMetadata, error)
 		return protocolSnifferWithMetadata{}, errNotInit
 	}
 	return protocolSnifferWithMetadata{protocolSniffer: func(ctx context.Context, bytes []byte) (SniffResult, error) {
-		outbounds := session.OutboundsFromContext(ctx)
-		ob := outbounds[len(outbounds) - 1]
-		if ob.Target.Network == net.Network_TCP || ob.Target.Network == net.Network_UDP {
-			domainFromFakeDNS := fakeDNSEngine.GetDomainFromFakeDNS(ob.Target.Address)
+		Target := session.OutboundFromContext(ctx).Target
+		if Target.Network == net.Network_TCP || Target.Network == net.Network_UDP {
+			domainFromFakeDNS := fakeDNSEngine.GetDomainFromFakeDNS(Target.Address)
 			if domainFromFakeDNS != "" {
-				newError("fake dns got domain: ", domainFromFakeDNS, " for ip: ", ob.Target.Address.String()).WriteToLog(session.ExportIDToError(ctx))
+				newError("fake dns got domain: ", domainFromFakeDNS, " for ip: ", Target.Address.String()).WriteToLog(session.ExportIDToError(ctx))
 				return &fakeDNSSniffResult{domainName: domainFromFakeDNS}, nil
 			}
 		}
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ func newFakeDNSSniffer(ctx context.Context) (protocolSnifferWithMetadata, error)
 		if ipAddressInRangeValueI := ctx.Value(ipAddressInRange); ipAddressInRangeValueI != nil {
 			ipAddressInRangeValue := ipAddressInRangeValueI.(*ipAddressInRangeOpt)
 			if fkr0, ok := fakeDNSEngine.(dns.FakeDNSEngineRev0); ok {
-				inPool := fkr0.IsIPInIPPool(ob.Target.Address)
+				inPool := fkr0.IsIPInIPPool(Target.Address)
 				ipAddressInRangeValue.addressInRange = &inPool
 			}
 		}
--- a/app/dns/config.pb.go
+++ b/app/dns/config.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: app/dns/config.proto

 package dns
@@ -134,7 +134,6 @@ type NameServer struct {
 	PrioritizedDomain []*NameServer_PriorityDomain `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=prioritized_domain,json=prioritizedDomain,proto3" json:"prioritized_domain,omitempty"`
 	Geoip             []*router.GeoIP              `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=geoip,proto3" json:"geoip,omitempty"`
 	OriginalRules     []*NameServer_OriginalRule   `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=original_rules,json=originalRules,proto3" json:"original_rules,omitempty"`
-	QueryStrategy     QueryStrategy                `protobuf:"varint,7,opt,name=query_strategy,json=queryStrategy,proto3,enum=xray.app.dns.QueryStrategy" json:"query_strategy,omitempty"`
 }

 func (x *NameServer) Reset() {
@@ -211,13 +210,6 @@ func (x *NameServer) GetOriginalRules() []*NameServer_OriginalRule {
 	return nil
 }

-func (x *NameServer) GetQueryStrategy() QueryStrategy {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.QueryStrategy
-	}
-	return QueryStrategy_USE_IP
-}
-
 type Config struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -227,14 +219,14 @@ type Config struct {
 	// the moment. A special value 'localhost' as a domain address can be set to
 	// use DNS on local system.
 	//
-	// Deprecated: Marked as deprecated in app/dns/config.proto.
+	// Deprecated: Do not use.
 	NameServers []*net.Endpoint `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=NameServers,proto3" json:"NameServers,omitempty"`
 	// NameServer list used by this DNS client.
 	NameServer []*NameServer `protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=name_server,json=nameServer,proto3" json:"name_server,omitempty"`
 	// Static hosts. Domain to IP.
 	// Deprecated. Use static_hosts.
 	//
-	// Deprecated: Marked as deprecated in app/dns/config.proto.
+	// Deprecated: Do not use.
 	Hosts map[string]*net.IPOrDomain `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=Hosts,proto3" json:"Hosts,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
 	// Client IP for EDNS client subnet. Must be 4 bytes (IPv4) or 16 bytes
 	// (IPv6).
@@ -281,7 +273,7 @@ func (*Config) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 	return file_app_dns_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
 }

-// Deprecated: Marked as deprecated in app/dns/config.proto.
+// Deprecated: Do not use.
 func (x *Config) GetNameServers() []*net.Endpoint {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.NameServers
@@ -296,7 +288,7 @@ func (x *Config) GetNameServer() []*NameServer {
 	return nil
 }

-// Deprecated: Marked as deprecated in app/dns/config.proto.
+// Deprecated: Do not use.
 func (x *Config) GetHosts() map[string]*net.IPOrDomain {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.Hosts
@@ -546,7 +538,7 @@ var file_app_dns_config_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x2f, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x74, 0x2f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x69,
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@@ -567,81 +559,77 @@ var file_app_dns_config_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
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+	0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
 }

 var (
@@ -676,20 +664,19 @@ var file_app_dns_config_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	4,  // 1: xray.app.dns.NameServer.prioritized_domain:type_name -> xray.app.dns.NameServer.PriorityDomain
 	9,  // 2: xray.app.dns.NameServer.geoip:type_name -> xray.app.router.GeoIP
 	5,  // 3: xray.app.dns.NameServer.original_rules:type_name -> xray.app.dns.NameServer.OriginalRule
-	1,  // 4: xray.app.dns.NameServer.query_strategy:type_name -> xray.app.dns.QueryStrategy
-	8,  // 5: xray.app.dns.Config.NameServers:type_name -> xray.common.net.Endpoint
-	2,  // 6: xray.app.dns.Config.name_server:type_name -> xray.app.dns.NameServer
-	6,  // 7: xray.app.dns.Config.Hosts:type_name -> xray.app.dns.Config.HostsEntry
-	7,  // 8: xray.app.dns.Config.static_hosts:type_name -> xray.app.dns.Config.HostMapping
-	1,  // 9: xray.app.dns.Config.query_strategy:type_name -> xray.app.dns.QueryStrategy
-	0,  // 10: xray.app.dns.NameServer.PriorityDomain.type:type_name -> xray.app.dns.DomainMatchingType
-	10, // 11: xray.app.dns.Config.HostsEntry.value:type_name -> xray.common.net.IPOrDomain
-	0,  // 12: xray.app.dns.Config.HostMapping.type:type_name -> xray.app.dns.DomainMatchingType
-	13, // [13:13] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	13, // [13:13] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	13, // [13:13] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	13, // [13:13] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0,  // [0:13] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	8,  // 4: xray.app.dns.Config.NameServers:type_name -> xray.common.net.Endpoint
+	2,  // 5: xray.app.dns.Config.name_server:type_name -> xray.app.dns.NameServer
+	6,  // 6: xray.app.dns.Config.Hosts:type_name -> xray.app.dns.Config.HostsEntry
+	7,  // 7: xray.app.dns.Config.static_hosts:type_name -> xray.app.dns.Config.HostMapping
+	1,  // 8: xray.app.dns.Config.query_strategy:type_name -> xray.app.dns.QueryStrategy
+	0,  // 9: xray.app.dns.NameServer.PriorityDomain.type:type_name -> xray.app.dns.DomainMatchingType
+	10, // 10: xray.app.dns.Config.HostsEntry.value:type_name -> xray.common.net.IPOrDomain
+	0,  // 11: xray.app.dns.Config.HostMapping.type:type_name -> xray.app.dns.DomainMatchingType
+	12, // [12:12] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	12, // [12:12] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	12, // [12:12] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	12, // [12:12] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0,  // [0:12] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }

 func init() { file_app_dns_config_proto_init() }
--- a/app/dns/config.proto
+++ b/app/dns/config.proto
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ message NameServer {
  repeated PriorityDomain prioritized_domain = 2;
  repeated xray.app.router.GeoIP geoip = 3;
  repeated OriginalRule original_rules = 4;
-  QueryStrategy query_strategy = 7;
 }

 enum DomainMatchingType {
--- a/app/dns/dns.go
+++ b/app/dns/dns.go
@@ -181,7 +181,9 @@ func (s *DNS) LookupIP(domain string, option dns.IPOption) ([]net.IP, error) {
 	}

 	// Normalize the FQDN form query
-	domain = strings.TrimSuffix(domain, ".")
+	if strings.HasSuffix(domain, ".") {
+		domain = domain[:len(domain)-1]
+	}

 	// Static host lookup
 	switch addrs := s.hosts.Lookup(domain, option); {
@@ -213,8 +215,7 @@ func (s *DNS) LookupIP(domain string, option dns.IPOption) ([]net.IP, error) {
 			newError("failed to lookup ip for domain ", domain, " at server ", client.Name()).Base(err).WriteToLog()
 			errs = append(errs, err)
 		}
-		// 5 for RcodeRefused in miekg/dns, hardcode to reduce binary size
-		if err != context.Canceled && err != context.DeadlineExceeded && err != errExpectedIPNonMatch && err != dns.ErrEmptyResponse && dns.RCodeFromError(err) != 5 {
+		if err != context.Canceled && err != context.DeadlineExceeded && err != errExpectedIPNonMatch {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
--- a/app/dns/dns_test.go
+++ b/app/dns/dns_test.go
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 	_ "github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/proxyman/outbound"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/router"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/errors"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/net"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/serial"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/core"
@@ -261,7 +260,7 @@ func TestUDPServer(t *testing.T) {
 			IPv6Enable: true,
 			FakeEnable: false,
 		})
-		if !errors.AllEqual(feature_dns.ErrEmptyResponse, errors.Cause(err)) {
+		if err != feature_dns.ErrEmptyResponse {
 			t.Fatal("error: ", err)
 		}
 		if len(ips) != 0 {
--- a/app/dns/fakedns/fakedns.pb.go
+++ b/app/dns/fakedns/fakedns.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: app/dns/fakedns/fakedns.proto

 package fakedns
--- a/app/dns/nameserver.go
+++ b/app/dns/nameserver.go
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ type Client struct {
 var errExpectedIPNonMatch = errors.New("expectIPs not match")

 // NewServer creates a name server object according to the network destination url.
-func NewServer(dest net.Destination, dispatcher routing.Dispatcher, queryStrategy QueryStrategy) (Server, error) {
+func NewServer(dest net.Destination, dispatcher routing.Dispatcher) (Server, error) {
 	if address := dest.Address; address.Family().IsDomain() {
 		u, err := url.Parse(address.Domain())
 		if err != nil {
@@ -45,15 +45,15 @@ func NewServer(dest net.Destination, dispatcher routing.Dispatcher, queryStrateg
 		case strings.EqualFold(u.String(), "localhost"):
 			return NewLocalNameServer(), nil
 		case strings.EqualFold(u.Scheme, "https"): // DOH Remote mode
-			return NewDoHNameServer(u, dispatcher, queryStrategy)
+			return NewDoHNameServer(u, dispatcher)
 		case strings.EqualFold(u.Scheme, "https+local"): // DOH Local mode
-			return NewDoHLocalNameServer(u, queryStrategy), nil
+			return NewDoHLocalNameServer(u), nil
 		case strings.EqualFold(u.Scheme, "quic+local"): // DNS-over-QUIC Local mode
-			return NewQUICNameServer(u, queryStrategy)
+			return NewQUICNameServer(u)
 		case strings.EqualFold(u.Scheme, "tcp"): // DNS-over-TCP Remote mode
-			return NewTCPNameServer(u, dispatcher, queryStrategy)
+			return NewTCPNameServer(u, dispatcher)
 		case strings.EqualFold(u.Scheme, "tcp+local"): // DNS-over-TCP Local mode
-			return NewTCPLocalNameServer(u, queryStrategy)
+			return NewTCPLocalNameServer(u)
 		case strings.EqualFold(u.String(), "fakedns"):
 			return NewFakeDNSServer(), nil
 		}
@@ -68,19 +68,12 @@ func NewServer(dest net.Destination, dispatcher routing.Dispatcher, queryStrateg
 }

 // NewClient creates a DNS client managing a name server with client IP, domain rules and expected IPs.
-func NewClient(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	ns *NameServer,
-	clientIP net.IP,
-	container router.GeoIPMatcherContainer,
-	matcherInfos *[]*DomainMatcherInfo,
-	updateDomainRule func(strmatcher.Matcher, int, []*DomainMatcherInfo) error,
-) (*Client, error) {
+func NewClient(ctx context.Context, ns *NameServer, clientIP net.IP, container router.GeoIPMatcherContainer, matcherInfos *[]*DomainMatcherInfo, updateDomainRule func(strmatcher.Matcher, int, []*DomainMatcherInfo) error) (*Client, error) {
 	client := &Client{}

 	err := core.RequireFeatures(ctx, func(dispatcher routing.Dispatcher) error {
 		// Create a new server for each client for now
-		server, err := NewServer(ns.Address.AsDestination(), dispatcher, ns.GetQueryStrategy())
+		server, err := NewServer(ns.Address.AsDestination(), dispatcher)
 		if err != nil {
 			return newError("failed to create nameserver").Base(err).AtWarning()
 		}
@@ -167,7 +160,7 @@ func NewClient(
 func NewSimpleClient(ctx context.Context, endpoint *net.Endpoint, clientIP net.IP) (*Client, error) {
 	client := &Client{}
 	err := core.RequireFeatures(ctx, func(dispatcher routing.Dispatcher) error {
-		server, err := NewServer(endpoint.AsDestination(), dispatcher, QueryStrategy_USE_IP)
+		server, err := NewServer(endpoint.AsDestination(), dispatcher)
 		if err != nil {
 			return newError("failed to create nameserver").Base(err).AtWarning()
 		}
@@ -225,24 +218,3 @@ func (c *Client) MatchExpectedIPs(domain string, ips []net.IP) ([]net.IP, error)
 	newError("domain ", domain, " expectIPs ", newIps, " matched at server ", c.Name()).AtDebug().WriteToLog()
 	return newIps, nil
 }
-
-func ResolveIpOptionOverride(queryStrategy QueryStrategy, ipOption dns.IPOption) dns.IPOption {
-	switch queryStrategy {
-	case QueryStrategy_USE_IP:
-		return ipOption
-	case QueryStrategy_USE_IP4:
-		return dns.IPOption{
-			IPv4Enable: ipOption.IPv4Enable,
-			IPv6Enable: false,
-			FakeEnable: false,
-		}
-	case QueryStrategy_USE_IP6:
-		return dns.IPOption{
-			IPv4Enable: false,
-			IPv6Enable: ipOption.IPv6Enable,
-			FakeEnable: false,
-		}
-	default:
-		return ipOption
-	}
-}
--- a/app/dns/nameserver_doh.go
+++ b/app/dns/nameserver_doh.go
@@ -31,20 +31,19 @@ import (
 type DoHNameServer struct {
 	dispatcher routing.Dispatcher
 	sync.RWMutex
-	ips           map[string]*record
-	pub           *pubsub.Service
-	cleanup       *task.Periodic
-	reqID         uint32
-	httpClient    *http.Client
-	dohURL        string
-	name          string
-	queryStrategy QueryStrategy
+	ips        map[string]*record
+	pub        *pubsub.Service
+	cleanup    *task.Periodic
+	reqID      uint32
+	httpClient *http.Client
+	dohURL     string
+	name       string
 }

 // NewDoHNameServer creates DOH server object for remote resolving.
-func NewDoHNameServer(url *url.URL, dispatcher routing.Dispatcher, queryStrategy QueryStrategy) (*DoHNameServer, error) {
+func NewDoHNameServer(url *url.URL, dispatcher routing.Dispatcher) (*DoHNameServer, error) {
 	newError("DNS: created Remote DOH client for ", url.String()).AtInfo().WriteToLog()
-	s := baseDOHNameServer(url, "DOH", queryStrategy)
+	s := baseDOHNameServer(url, "DOH")

 	s.dispatcher = dispatcher
 	tr := &http.Transport{
@@ -91,9 +90,9 @@ func NewDoHNameServer(url *url.URL, dispatcher routing.Dispatcher, queryStrategy
 }

 // NewDoHLocalNameServer creates DOH client object for local resolving
-func NewDoHLocalNameServer(url *url.URL, queryStrategy QueryStrategy) *DoHNameServer {
+func NewDoHLocalNameServer(url *url.URL) *DoHNameServer {
 	url.Scheme = "https"
-	s := baseDOHNameServer(url, "DOHL", queryStrategy)
+	s := baseDOHNameServer(url, "DOHL")
 	tr := &http.Transport{
 		IdleConnTimeout:   90 * time.Second,
 		ForceAttemptHTTP2: true,
@@ -123,13 +122,12 @@ func NewDoHLocalNameServer(url *url.URL, queryStrategy QueryStrategy) *DoHNameSe
 	return s
 }

-func baseDOHNameServer(url *url.URL, prefix string, queryStrategy QueryStrategy) *DoHNameServer {
+func baseDOHNameServer(url *url.URL, prefix string) *DoHNameServer {
 	s := &DoHNameServer{
-		ips:           make(map[string]*record),
-		pub:           pubsub.NewService(),
-		name:          prefix + "//" + url.Host,
-		dohURL:        url.String(),
-		queryStrategy: queryStrategy,
+		ips:    make(map[string]*record),
+		pub:    pubsub.NewService(),
+		name:   prefix + "//" + url.Host,
+		dohURL: url.String(),
 	}
 	s.cleanup = &task.Periodic{
 		Interval: time.Minute,
@@ -355,10 +353,6 @@ func (s *DoHNameServer) findIPsForDomain(domain string, option dns_feature.IPOpt
 // QueryIP implements Server.
 func (s *DoHNameServer) QueryIP(ctx context.Context, domain string, clientIP net.IP, option dns_feature.IPOption, disableCache bool) ([]net.IP, error) { // nolint: dupl
 	fqdn := Fqdn(domain)
-	option = ResolveIpOptionOverride(s.queryStrategy, option)
-	if !option.IPv4Enable && !option.IPv6Enable {
-		return nil, dns_feature.ErrEmptyResponse
-	}

 	if disableCache {
 		newError("DNS cache is disabled. Querying IP for ", domain, " at ", s.name).AtDebug().WriteToLog()
--- a/app/dns/nameserver_doh_test.go
+++ b/app/dns/nameserver_doh_test.go
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ func TestDOHNameServer(t *testing.T) {
 	url, err := url.Parse("https+local://1.1.1.1/dns-query")
 	common.Must(err)

-	s := NewDoHLocalNameServer(url, QueryStrategy_USE_IP)
+	s := NewDoHLocalNameServer(url)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*5)
 	ips, err := s.QueryIP(ctx, "google.com", net.IP(nil), dns_feature.IPOption{
 		IPv4Enable: true,
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func TestDOHNameServerWithCache(t *testing.T) {
 	url, err := url.Parse("https+local://1.1.1.1/dns-query")
 	common.Must(err)

-	s := NewDoHLocalNameServer(url, QueryStrategy_USE_IP)
+	s := NewDoHLocalNameServer(url)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*5)
 	ips, err := s.QueryIP(ctx, "google.com", net.IP(nil), dns_feature.IPOption{
 		IPv4Enable: true,
@@ -57,49 +57,3 @@ func TestDOHNameServerWithCache(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(r)
 	}
 }
-
-func TestDOHNameServerWithIPv4Override(t *testing.T) {
-	url, err := url.Parse("https+local://1.1.1.1/dns-query")
-	common.Must(err)
-
-	s := NewDoHLocalNameServer(url, QueryStrategy_USE_IP4)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*5)
-	ips, err := s.QueryIP(ctx, "google.com", net.IP(nil), dns_feature.IPOption{
-		IPv4Enable: true,
-		IPv6Enable: true,
-	}, false)
-	cancel()
-	common.Must(err)
-	if len(ips) == 0 {
-		t.Error("expect some ips, but got 0")
-	}
-
-	for _, ip := range ips {
-		if len(ip) != net.IPv4len {
-			t.Error("expect only IPv4 response from DNS query")
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDOHNameServerWithIPv6Override(t *testing.T) {
-	url, err := url.Parse("https+local://1.1.1.1/dns-query")
-	common.Must(err)
-
-	s := NewDoHLocalNameServer(url, QueryStrategy_USE_IP6)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*5)
-	ips, err := s.QueryIP(ctx, "google.com", net.IP(nil), dns_feature.IPOption{
-		IPv4Enable: true,
-		IPv6Enable: true,
-	}, false)
-	cancel()
-	common.Must(err)
-	if len(ips) == 0 {
-		t.Error("expect some ips, but got 0")
-	}
-
-	for _, ip := range ips {
-		if len(ip) != net.IPv6len {
-			t.Error("expect only IPv6 response from DNS query")
-		}
-	}
-}
--- a/app/dns/nameserver_quic.go
+++ b/app/dns/nameserver_quic.go
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 package dns

 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"encoding/binary"
 	"net/url"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
@@ -26,29 +24,28 @@ import (

 // NextProtoDQ - During connection establishment, DNS/QUIC support is indicated
 // by selecting the ALPN token "dq" in the crypto handshake.
-const NextProtoDQ = "doq"
+const NextProtoDQ = "doq-i00"

 const handshakeTimeout = time.Second * 8

 // QUICNameServer implemented DNS over QUIC
 type QUICNameServer struct {
 	sync.RWMutex
-	ips           map[string]*record
-	pub           *pubsub.Service
-	cleanup       *task.Periodic
-	reqID         uint32
-	name          string
-	destination   *net.Destination
-	connection    quic.Connection
-	queryStrategy QueryStrategy
+	ips         map[string]*record
+	pub         *pubsub.Service
+	cleanup     *task.Periodic
+	reqID       uint32
+	name        string
+	destination *net.Destination
+	connection  quic.Connection
 }

 // NewQUICNameServer creates DNS-over-QUIC client object for local resolving
-func NewQUICNameServer(url *url.URL, queryStrategy QueryStrategy) (*QUICNameServer, error) {
+func NewQUICNameServer(url *url.URL) (*QUICNameServer, error) {
 	newError("DNS: created Local DNS-over-QUIC client for ", url.String()).AtInfo().WriteToLog()

 	var err error
-	port := net.Port(853)
+	port := net.Port(784)
 	if url.Port() != "" {
 		port, err = net.PortFromString(url.Port())
 		if err != nil {
@@ -58,11 +55,10 @@ func NewQUICNameServer(url *url.URL, queryStrategy QueryStrategy) (*QUICNameServ
 	dest := net.UDPDestination(net.ParseAddress(url.Hostname()), port)

 	s := &QUICNameServer{
-		ips:           make(map[string]*record),
-		pub:           pubsub.NewService(),
-		name:          url.String(),
-		destination:   &dest,
-		queryStrategy: queryStrategy,
+		ips:         make(map[string]*record),
+		pub:         pubsub.NewService(),
+		name:        url.String(),
+		destination: &dest,
 	}
 	s.cleanup = &task.Periodic{
 		Interval: time.Minute,
@@ -196,18 +192,13 @@ func (s *QUICNameServer) sendQuery(ctx context.Context, domain string, clientIP
 				return
 			}

-			dnsReqBuf := buf.New()
-			binary.Write(dnsReqBuf, binary.BigEndian, uint16(b.Len()))
-			dnsReqBuf.Write(b.Bytes())
-			b.Release()
-
 			conn, err := s.openStream(dnsCtx)
 			if err != nil {
 				newError("failed to open quic connection").Base(err).AtError().WriteToLog()
 				return
 			}

-			_, err = conn.Write(dnsReqBuf.Bytes())
+			_, err = conn.Write(b.Bytes())
 			if err != nil {
 				newError("failed to send query").Base(err).AtError().WriteToLog()
 				return
@@ -217,21 +208,9 @@ func (s *QUICNameServer) sendQuery(ctx context.Context, domain string, clientIP

 			respBuf := buf.New()
 			defer respBuf.Release()
-			n, err := respBuf.ReadFullFrom(conn, 2)
+			n, err := respBuf.ReadFrom(conn)
 			if err != nil && n == 0 {
-				newError("failed to read response length").Base(err).AtError().WriteToLog()
-				return
-			}
-			var length int16
-			err = binary.Read(bytes.NewReader(respBuf.Bytes()), binary.BigEndian, &length)
-			if err != nil {
-				newError("failed to parse response length").Base(err).AtError().WriteToLog()
-				return
-			}
-			respBuf.Clear()
-			n, err = respBuf.ReadFullFrom(conn, int32(length))
-			if err != nil && n == 0 {
-				newError("failed to read response length").Base(err).AtError().WriteToLog()
+				newError("failed to read response").Base(err).AtError().WriteToLog()
 				return
 			}

@@ -290,10 +269,6 @@ func (s *QUICNameServer) findIPsForDomain(domain string, option dns_feature.IPOp
 // QueryIP is called from dns.Server->queryIPTimeout
 func (s *QUICNameServer) QueryIP(ctx context.Context, domain string, clientIP net.IP, option dns_feature.IPOption, disableCache bool) ([]net.IP, error) {
 	fqdn := Fqdn(domain)
-	option = ResolveIpOptionOverride(s.queryStrategy, option)
-	if !option.IPv4Enable && !option.IPv6Enable {
-		return nil, dns_feature.ErrEmptyResponse
-	}

 	if disableCache {
 		newError("DNS cache is disabled. Querying IP for ", domain, " at ", s.name).AtDebug().WriteToLog()
@@ -398,8 +373,8 @@ func (s *QUICNameServer) openConnection() (quic.Connection, error) {
 	quicConfig := &quic.Config{
 		HandshakeIdleTimeout: handshakeTimeout,
 	}
-	tlsConfig.ServerName = s.destination.Address.String()
-	conn, err := quic.DialAddr(context.Background(), s.destination.NetAddr(), tlsConfig.GetTLSConfig(tls.WithNextProto("http/1.1", http2.NextProtoTLS, NextProtoDQ)), quicConfig)
+
+	conn, err := quic.DialAddrContext(context.Background(), s.destination.NetAddr(), tlsConfig.GetTLSConfig(tls.WithNextProto("http/1.1", http2.NextProtoTLS, NextProtoDQ)), quicConfig)
 	log.Record(&log.AccessMessage{
 		From:   "DNS",
 		To:     s.destination,
--- a/app/dns/nameserver_quic_test.go
+++ b/app/dns/nameserver_quic_test.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 func TestQUICNameServer(t *testing.T) {
 	url, err := url.Parse("quic://dns.adguard.com")
 	common.Must(err)
-	s, err := NewQUICNameServer(url, QueryStrategy_USE_IP)
+	s, err := NewQUICNameServer(url)
 	common.Must(err)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*2)
 	ips, err := s.QueryIP(ctx, "google.com", net.IP(nil), dns.IPOption{
@@ -40,49 +40,3 @@ func TestQUICNameServer(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(r)
 	}
 }
-
-func TestQUICNameServerWithIPv4Override(t *testing.T) {
-	url, err := url.Parse("quic://dns.adguard.com")
-	common.Must(err)
-	s, err := NewQUICNameServer(url, QueryStrategy_USE_IP4)
-	common.Must(err)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*2)
-	ips, err := s.QueryIP(ctx, "google.com", net.IP(nil), dns.IPOption{
-		IPv4Enable: true,
-		IPv6Enable: true,
-	}, false)
-	cancel()
-	common.Must(err)
-	if len(ips) == 0 {
-		t.Error("expect some ips, but got 0")
-	}
-
-	for _, ip := range ips {
-		if len(ip) != net.IPv4len {
-			t.Error("expect only IPv4 response from DNS query")
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestQUICNameServerWithIPv6Override(t *testing.T) {
-	url, err := url.Parse("quic://dns.adguard.com")
-	common.Must(err)
-	s, err := NewQUICNameServer(url, QueryStrategy_USE_IP6)
-	common.Must(err)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*2)
-	ips, err := s.QueryIP(ctx, "google.com", net.IP(nil), dns.IPOption{
-		IPv4Enable: true,
-		IPv6Enable: true,
-	}, false)
-	cancel()
-	common.Must(err)
-	if len(ips) == 0 {
-		t.Error("expect some ips, but got 0")
-	}
-
-	for _, ip := range ips {
-		if len(ip) != net.IPv6len {
-			t.Error("expect only IPv6 response from DNS query")
-		}
-	}
-}
--- a/app/dns/nameserver_tcp.go
+++ b/app/dns/nameserver_tcp.go
@@ -27,23 +27,18 @@ import (
 // TCPNameServer implemented DNS over TCP (RFC7766).
 type TCPNameServer struct {
 	sync.RWMutex
-	name          string
-	destination   *net.Destination
-	ips           map[string]*record
-	pub           *pubsub.Service
-	cleanup       *task.Periodic
-	reqID         uint32
-	dial          func(context.Context) (net.Conn, error)
-	queryStrategy QueryStrategy
+	name        string
+	destination *net.Destination
+	ips         map[string]*record
+	pub         *pubsub.Service
+	cleanup     *task.Periodic
+	reqID       uint32
+	dial        func(context.Context) (net.Conn, error)
 }

 // NewTCPNameServer creates DNS over TCP server object for remote resolving.
-func NewTCPNameServer(
-	url *url.URL,
-	dispatcher routing.Dispatcher,
-	queryStrategy QueryStrategy,
-) (*TCPNameServer, error) {
-	s, err := baseTCPNameServer(url, "TCP", queryStrategy)
+func NewTCPNameServer(url *url.URL, dispatcher routing.Dispatcher) (*TCPNameServer, error) {
+	s, err := baseTCPNameServer(url, "TCP")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -64,8 +59,8 @@ func NewTCPNameServer(
 }

 // NewTCPLocalNameServer creates DNS over TCP client object for local resolving
-func NewTCPLocalNameServer(url *url.URL, queryStrategy QueryStrategy) (*TCPNameServer, error) {
-	s, err := baseTCPNameServer(url, "TCPL", queryStrategy)
+func NewTCPLocalNameServer(url *url.URL) (*TCPNameServer, error) {
+	s, err := baseTCPNameServer(url, "TCPL")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -77,22 +72,22 @@ func NewTCPLocalNameServer(url *url.URL, queryStrategy QueryStrategy) (*TCPNameS
 	return s, nil
 }

-func baseTCPNameServer(url *url.URL, prefix string, queryStrategy QueryStrategy) (*TCPNameServer, error) {
+func baseTCPNameServer(url *url.URL, prefix string) (*TCPNameServer, error) {
+	var err error
 	port := net.Port(53)
 	if url.Port() != "" {
-		var err error
-		if port, err = net.PortFromString(url.Port()); err != nil {
+		port, err = net.PortFromString(url.Port())
+		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
 	dest := net.TCPDestination(net.ParseAddress(url.Hostname()), port)

 	s := &TCPNameServer{
-		destination:   &dest,
-		ips:           make(map[string]*record),
-		pub:           pubsub.NewService(),
-		name:          prefix + "//" + dest.NetAddr(),
-		queryStrategy: queryStrategy,
+		destination: &dest,
+		ips:         make(map[string]*record),
+		pub:         pubsub.NewService(),
+		name:        prefix + "//" + dest.NetAddr(),
 	}
 	s.cleanup = &task.Periodic{
 		Interval: time.Minute,
@@ -313,10 +308,6 @@ func (s *TCPNameServer) findIPsForDomain(domain string, option dns_feature.IPOpt
 // QueryIP implements Server.
 func (s *TCPNameServer) QueryIP(ctx context.Context, domain string, clientIP net.IP, option dns_feature.IPOption, disableCache bool) ([]net.IP, error) {
 	fqdn := Fqdn(domain)
-	option = ResolveIpOptionOverride(s.queryStrategy, option)
-	if !option.IPv4Enable && !option.IPv6Enable {
-		return nil, dns_feature.ErrEmptyResponse
-	}

 	if disableCache {
 		newError("DNS cache is disabled. Querying IP for ", domain, " at ", s.name).AtDebug().WriteToLog()
--- a/app/dns/nameserver_tcp_test.go
+++ b/app/dns/nameserver_tcp_test.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 func TestTCPLocalNameServer(t *testing.T) {
 	url, err := url.Parse("tcp+local://8.8.8.8")
 	common.Must(err)
-	s, err := NewTCPLocalNameServer(url, QueryStrategy_USE_IP)
+	s, err := NewTCPLocalNameServer(url)
 	common.Must(err)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*5)
 	ips, err := s.QueryIP(ctx, "google.com", net.IP(nil), dns_feature.IPOption{
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func TestTCPLocalNameServer(t *testing.T) {
 func TestTCPLocalNameServerWithCache(t *testing.T) {
 	url, err := url.Parse("tcp+local://8.8.8.8")
 	common.Must(err)
-	s, err := NewTCPLocalNameServer(url, QueryStrategy_USE_IP)
+	s, err := NewTCPLocalNameServer(url)
 	common.Must(err)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*5)
 	ips, err := s.QueryIP(ctx, "google.com", net.IP(nil), dns_feature.IPOption{
@@ -57,51 +57,3 @@ func TestTCPLocalNameServerWithCache(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(r)
 	}
 }
-
-func TestTCPLocalNameServerWithIPv4Override(t *testing.T) {
-	url, err := url.Parse("tcp+local://8.8.8.8")
-	common.Must(err)
-	s, err := NewTCPLocalNameServer(url, QueryStrategy_USE_IP4)
-	common.Must(err)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*5)
-	ips, err := s.QueryIP(ctx, "google.com", net.IP(nil), dns_feature.IPOption{
-		IPv4Enable: true,
-		IPv6Enable: true,
-	}, false)
-	cancel()
-	common.Must(err)
-
-	if len(ips) == 0 {
-		t.Error("expect some ips, but got 0")
-	}
-
-	for _, ip := range ips {
-		if len(ip) != net.IPv4len {
-			t.Error("expect only IPv4 response from DNS query")
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestTCPLocalNameServerWithIPv6Override(t *testing.T) {
-	url, err := url.Parse("tcp+local://8.8.8.8")
-	common.Must(err)
-	s, err := NewTCPLocalNameServer(url, QueryStrategy_USE_IP6)
-	common.Must(err)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*5)
-	ips, err := s.QueryIP(ctx, "google.com", net.IP(nil), dns_feature.IPOption{
-		IPv4Enable: true,
-		IPv6Enable: true,
-	}, false)
-	cancel()
-	common.Must(err)
-
-	if len(ips) == 0 {
-		t.Error("expect some ips, but got 0")
-	}
-
-	for _, ip := range ips {
-		if len(ip) != net.IPv6len {
-			t.Error("expect only IPv6 response from DNS query")
-		}
-	}
-}
--- a/app/log/command/config.pb.go
+++ b/app/log/command/config.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: app/log/command/config.proto

 package command
--- a/app/log/command/config_grpc.pb.go
+++ b/app/log/command/config_grpc.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go-grpc. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.3.0
-// - protoc             v4.23.1
+// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.2.0
+// - protoc             v3.21.12
 // source: app/log/command/config.proto

 package command
@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@ import (
 // Requires gRPC-Go v1.32.0 or later.
 const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion7

-const (
-	LoggerService_RestartLogger_FullMethodName = "/xray.app.log.command.LoggerService/RestartLogger"
-)
-
 // LoggerServiceClient is the client API for LoggerService service.
 //
 // For semantics around ctx use and closing/ending streaming RPCs, please refer to https://pkg.go.dev/google.golang.org/grpc/?tab=doc#ClientConn.NewStream.
@@ -39,7 +35,7 @@ func NewLoggerServiceClient(cc grpc.ClientConnInterface) LoggerServiceClient {

 func (c *loggerServiceClient) RestartLogger(ctx context.Context, in *RestartLoggerRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RestartLoggerResponse, error) {
 	out := new(RestartLoggerResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, LoggerService_RestartLogger_FullMethodName, in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/xray.app.log.command.LoggerService/RestartLogger", in, out, opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -84,7 +80,7 @@ func _LoggerService_RestartLogger_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context,
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: LoggerService_RestartLogger_FullMethodName,
+		FullMethod: "/xray.app.log.command.LoggerService/RestartLogger",
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(LoggerServiceServer).RestartLogger(ctx, req.(*RestartLoggerRequest))
--- a/app/log/config.pb.go
+++ b/app/log/config.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: app/log/config.proto

 package log
--- a/app/metrics/config.pb.go
+++ b/app/metrics/config.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: app/metrics/config.proto

 package metrics
--- a/app/observatory/burst/burst.go
+++ b/app/observatory/burst/burst.go
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-package burst
-
-import (
-	"math"
-	"time"
-)
-
-//go:generate go run github.com/v2fly/v2ray-core/v4/common/errors/errorgen
-
-const (
-	rttFailed = time.Duration(math.MaxInt64 - iota)
-	rttUntested
-	rttUnqualified
-)
--- a/app/observatory/burst/burstobserver.go
+++ b/app/observatory/burst/burstobserver.go
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-package burst
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/core"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/observatory"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/signal/done"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/extension"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/outbound"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
-	"sync"
-)
-
-type Observer struct {
-	config *Config
-	ctx    context.Context
-
-	statusLock sync.Mutex
-	hp         *HealthPing
-
-	finished *done.Instance
-
-	ohm outbound.Manager
-}
-
-func (o *Observer) GetObservation(ctx context.Context) (proto.Message, error) {
-	return &observatory.ObservationResult{Status: o.createResult()}, nil
-}
-
-func (o *Observer) createResult() []*observatory.OutboundStatus {
-	var result []*observatory.OutboundStatus
-	o.hp.access.Lock()
-	defer o.hp.access.Unlock()
-	for name, value := range o.hp.Results {
-		status := observatory.OutboundStatus{
-			Alive:           value.getStatistics().All != value.getStatistics().Fail,
-			Delay:           value.getStatistics().Average.Milliseconds(),
-			LastErrorReason: "",
-			OutboundTag:     name,
-			LastSeenTime:    0,
-			LastTryTime:     0,
-			HealthPing: &observatory.HealthPingMeasurementResult{
-				All:       int64(value.getStatistics().All),
-				Fail:      int64(value.getStatistics().Fail),
-				Deviation: int64(value.getStatistics().Deviation),
-				Average:   int64(value.getStatistics().Average),
-				Max:       int64(value.getStatistics().Max),
-				Min:       int64(value.getStatistics().Min),
-			},
-		}
-		result = append(result, &status)
-	}
-	return result
-}
-
-func (o *Observer) Type() interface{} {
-	return extension.ObservatoryType()
-}
-
-func (o *Observer) Start() error {
-	if o.config != nil && len(o.config.SubjectSelector) != 0 {
-		o.finished = done.New()
-		o.hp.StartScheduler(func() ([]string, error) {
-			hs, ok := o.ohm.(outbound.HandlerSelector)
-			if !ok {
-
-				return nil, newError("outbound.Manager is not a HandlerSelector")
-			}
-
-			outbounds := hs.Select(o.config.SubjectSelector)
-			return outbounds, nil
-		})
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (o *Observer) Close() error {
-	if o.finished != nil {
-		o.hp.StopScheduler()
-		return o.finished.Close()
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func New(ctx context.Context, config *Config) (*Observer, error) {
-	var outboundManager outbound.Manager
-	err := core.RequireFeatures(ctx, func(om outbound.Manager) {
-		outboundManager = om
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, newError("Cannot get depended features").Base(err)
-	}
-	hp := NewHealthPing(ctx, config.PingConfig)
-	return &Observer{
-		config: config,
-		ctx:    ctx,
-		ohm:    outboundManager,
-		hp:     hp,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func init() {
-	common.Must(common.RegisterConfig((*Config)(nil), func(ctx context.Context, config interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return New(ctx, config.(*Config))
-	}))
-}
--- a/app/observatory/burst/config.pb.go
+++ b/app/observatory/burst/config.pb.go
@@ -1,276 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
-// versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
-// source: app/observatory/burst/config.proto
-
-package burst
-
-import (
-	protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
-	protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
-	reflect "reflect"
-	sync "sync"
-)
-
-const (
-	// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
-	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
-	// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
-	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
-)
-
-type Config struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-
-	// @Document The selectors for outbound under observation
-	SubjectSelector []string          `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=subject_selector,json=subjectSelector,proto3" json:"subject_selector,omitempty"`
-	PingConfig      *HealthPingConfig `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=ping_config,json=pingConfig,proto3" json:"ping_config,omitempty"`
-}
-
-func (x *Config) Reset() {
-	*x = Config{}
-	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_msgTypes[0]
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-	}
-}
-
-func (x *Config) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*Config) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *Config) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_msgTypes[0]
-	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use Config.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*Config) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
-}
-
-func (x *Config) GetSubjectSelector() []string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.SubjectSelector
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (x *Config) GetPingConfig() *HealthPingConfig {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.PingConfig
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-type HealthPingConfig struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-
-	// destination url, need 204 for success return
-	// default https://connectivitycheck.gstatic.com/generate_204
-	Destination string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=destination,proto3" json:"destination,omitempty"`
-	// connectivity check url
-	Connectivity string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=connectivity,proto3" json:"connectivity,omitempty"`
-	// health check interval, int64 values of time.Duration
-	Interval int64 `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=interval,proto3" json:"interval,omitempty"`
-	// sampling count is the amount of recent ping results which are kept for calculation
-	SamplingCount int32 `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=samplingCount,proto3" json:"samplingCount,omitempty"`
-	// ping timeout, int64 values of time.Duration
-	Timeout int64 `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=timeout,proto3" json:"timeout,omitempty"`
-}
-
-func (x *HealthPingConfig) Reset() {
-	*x = HealthPingConfig{}
-	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_msgTypes[1]
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-	}
-}
-
-func (x *HealthPingConfig) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*HealthPingConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *HealthPingConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_msgTypes[1]
-	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use HealthPingConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*HealthPingConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
-}
-
-func (x *HealthPingConfig) GetDestination() string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Destination
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-func (x *HealthPingConfig) GetConnectivity() string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Connectivity
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-func (x *HealthPingConfig) GetInterval() int64 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Interval
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-func (x *HealthPingConfig) GetSamplingCount() int32 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.SamplingCount
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-func (x *HealthPingConfig) GetTimeout() int64 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Timeout
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-var File_app_observatory_burst_config_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
-
-var file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
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-}
-
-var (
-	file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
-	file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_rawDescData = file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_rawDesc
-)
-
-func file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
-	file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
-		file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_rawDescData)
-	})
-	return file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_rawDescData
-}
-
-var file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 2)
-var file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
-	(*Config)(nil),           // 0: xray.core.app.observatory.burst.Config
-	(*HealthPingConfig)(nil), // 1: xray.core.app.observatory.burst.HealthPingConfig
-}
-var file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	1, // 0: xray.core.app.observatory.burst.Config.ping_config:type_name -> xray.core.app.observatory.burst.HealthPingConfig
-	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0, // [0:1] is the sub-list for field type_name
-}
-
-func init() { file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_init() }
-func file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_init() {
-	if File_app_observatory_burst_config_proto != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	if !protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_msgTypes[0].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*Config); i {
-			case 0:
-				return &v.state
-			case 1:
-				return &v.sizeCache
-			case 2:
-				return &v.unknownFields
-			default:
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-		file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_msgTypes[1].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*HealthPingConfig); i {
-			case 0:
-				return &v.state
-			case 1:
-				return &v.sizeCache
-			case 2:
-				return &v.unknownFields
-			default:
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	type x struct{}
-	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
-		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
-			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
-			RawDescriptor: file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_rawDesc,
-			NumEnums:      0,
-			NumMessages:   2,
-			NumExtensions: 0,
-			NumServices:   0,
-		},
-		GoTypes:           file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_goTypes,
-		DependencyIndexes: file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_depIdxs,
-		MessageInfos:      file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_msgTypes,
-	}.Build()
-	File_app_observatory_burst_config_proto = out.File
-	file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_rawDesc = nil
-	file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_goTypes = nil
-	file_app_observatory_burst_config_proto_depIdxs = nil
-}
--- a/app/observatory/burst/config.proto
+++ b/app/observatory/burst/config.proto
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-syntax = "proto3";
-
-package xray.core.app.observatory.burst;
-option csharp_namespace = "Xray.App.Observatory.Burst";
-option go_package = "github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/observatory/burst";
-option java_package = "com.xray.app.observatory.burst";
-option java_multiple_files = true;
-
-message Config {
-  /* @Document The selectors for outbound under observation
-  */
-  repeated string subject_selector = 2;
-
-  HealthPingConfig ping_config = 3;
-}
-
-message HealthPingConfig {
-  // destination url, need 204 for success return
-  // default https://connectivitycheck.gstatic.com/generate_204
-  string destination = 1;
-  // connectivity check url
-  string connectivity = 2;
-  // health check interval, int64 values of time.Duration
-  int64 interval = 3;
-  // sampling count is the amount of recent ping results which are kept for calculation
-  int32 samplingCount = 4;
-  // ping timeout, int64 values of time.Duration
-  int64 timeout = 5;
-}
--- a/app/observatory/burst/healthping.go
+++ b/app/observatory/burst/healthping.go
@@ -1,253 +0,0 @@
-package burst
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/dice"
-)
-
-// HealthPingSettings holds settings for health Checker
-type HealthPingSettings struct {
-	Destination   string        `json:"destination"`
-	Connectivity  string        `json:"connectivity"`
-	Interval      time.Duration `json:"interval"`
-	SamplingCount int           `json:"sampling"`
-	Timeout       time.Duration `json:"timeout"`
-}
-
-// HealthPing is the health checker for balancers
-type HealthPing struct {
-	ctx         context.Context
-	access      sync.Mutex
-	ticker      *time.Ticker
-	tickerClose chan struct{}
-
-	Settings *HealthPingSettings
-	Results  map[string]*HealthPingRTTS
-}
-
-// NewHealthPing creates a new HealthPing with settings
-func NewHealthPing(ctx context.Context, config *HealthPingConfig) *HealthPing {
-	settings := &HealthPingSettings{}
-	if config != nil {
-		settings = &HealthPingSettings{
-			Connectivity:  strings.TrimSpace(config.Connectivity),
-			Destination:   strings.TrimSpace(config.Destination),
-			Interval:      time.Duration(config.Interval),
-			SamplingCount: int(config.SamplingCount),
-			Timeout:       time.Duration(config.Timeout),
-		}
-	}
-	if settings.Destination == "" {
-		// Destination URL, need 204 for success return default to chromium
-		// https://github.com/chromium/chromium/blob/main/components/safety_check/url_constants.cc#L10
-		// https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/safety_check/url_constants.cc#10
-		settings.Destination = "https://connectivitycheck.gstatic.com/generate_204"
-	}
-	if settings.Interval == 0 {
-		settings.Interval = time.Duration(1) * time.Minute
-	} else if settings.Interval < 10 {
-		newError("health check interval is too small, 10s is applied").AtWarning().WriteToLog()
-		settings.Interval = time.Duration(10) * time.Second
-	}
-	if settings.SamplingCount <= 0 {
-		settings.SamplingCount = 10
-	}
-	if settings.Timeout <= 0 {
-		// results are saved after all health pings finish,
-		// a larger timeout could possibly makes checks run longer
-		settings.Timeout = time.Duration(5) * time.Second
-	}
-	return &HealthPing{
-		ctx:      ctx,
-		Settings: settings,
-		Results:  nil,
-	}
-}
-
-// StartScheduler implements the HealthChecker
-func (h *HealthPing) StartScheduler(selector func() ([]string, error)) {
-	if h.ticker != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	interval := h.Settings.Interval * time.Duration(h.Settings.SamplingCount)
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(interval)
-	tickerClose := make(chan struct{})
-	h.ticker = ticker
-	h.tickerClose = tickerClose
-	go func() {
-		tags, err := selector()
-		if err != nil {
-			newError("error select outbounds for initial health check: ", err).AtWarning().WriteToLog()
-			return
-		}
-		h.Check(tags)
-	}()
-
-	go func() {
-		for {
-			go func() {
-				tags, err := selector()
-				if err != nil {
-					newError("error select outbounds for scheduled health check: ", err).AtWarning().WriteToLog()
-					return
-				}
-				h.doCheck(tags, interval, h.Settings.SamplingCount)
-				h.Cleanup(tags)
-			}()
-			select {
-			case <-ticker.C:
-				continue
-			case <-tickerClose:
-				return
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-}
-
-// StopScheduler implements the HealthChecker
-func (h *HealthPing) StopScheduler() {
-	if h.ticker == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	h.ticker.Stop()
-	h.ticker = nil
-	close(h.tickerClose)
-	h.tickerClose = nil
-}
-
-// Check implements the HealthChecker
-func (h *HealthPing) Check(tags []string) error {
-	if len(tags) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	newError("perform one-time health check for tags ", tags).AtInfo().WriteToLog()
-	h.doCheck(tags, 0, 1)
-	return nil
-}
-
-type rtt struct {
-	handler string
-	value   time.Duration
-}
-
-// doCheck performs the 'rounds' amount checks in given 'duration'. You should make
-// sure all tags are valid for current balancer
-func (h *HealthPing) doCheck(tags []string, duration time.Duration, rounds int) {
-	count := len(tags) * rounds
-	if count == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-	ch := make(chan *rtt, count)
-
-	for _, tag := range tags {
-		handler := tag
-		client := newPingClient(
-			h.ctx,
-			h.Settings.Destination,
-			h.Settings.Timeout,
-			handler,
-		)
-		for i := 0; i < rounds; i++ {
-			delay := time.Duration(0)
-			if duration > 0 {
-				delay = time.Duration(dice.Roll(int(duration)))
-			}
-			time.AfterFunc(delay, func() {
-				newError("checking ", handler).AtDebug().WriteToLog()
-				delay, err := client.MeasureDelay()
-				if err == nil {
-					ch <- &rtt{
-						handler: handler,
-						value:   delay,
-					}
-					return
-				}
-				if !h.checkConnectivity() {
-					newError("network is down").AtWarning().WriteToLog()
-					ch <- &rtt{
-						handler: handler,
-						value:   0,
-					}
-					return
-				}
-				newError(fmt.Sprintf(
-					"error ping %s with %s: %s",
-					h.Settings.Destination,
-					handler,
-					err,
-				)).AtWarning().WriteToLog()
-				ch <- &rtt{
-					handler: handler,
-					value:   rttFailed,
-				}
-			})
-		}
-	}
-	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
-		rtt := <-ch
-		if rtt.value > 0 {
-			// should not put results when network is down
-			h.PutResult(rtt.handler, rtt.value)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// PutResult put a ping rtt to results
-func (h *HealthPing) PutResult(tag string, rtt time.Duration) {
-	h.access.Lock()
-	defer h.access.Unlock()
-	if h.Results == nil {
-		h.Results = make(map[string]*HealthPingRTTS)
-	}
-	r, ok := h.Results[tag]
-	if !ok {
-		// validity is 2 times to sampling period, since the check are
-		// distributed in the time line randomly, in extreme cases,
-		// previous checks are distributed on the left, and latters
-		// on the right
-		validity := h.Settings.Interval * time.Duration(h.Settings.SamplingCount) * 2
-		r = NewHealthPingResult(h.Settings.SamplingCount, validity)
-		h.Results[tag] = r
-	}
-	r.Put(rtt)
-}
-
-// Cleanup removes results of removed handlers,
-// tags should be all valid tags of the Balancer now
-func (h *HealthPing) Cleanup(tags []string) {
-	h.access.Lock()
-	defer h.access.Unlock()
-	for tag := range h.Results {
-		found := false
-		for _, v := range tags {
-			if tag == v {
-				found = true
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		if !found {
-			delete(h.Results, tag)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// checkConnectivity checks the network connectivity, it returns
-// true if network is good or "connectivity check url" not set
-func (h *HealthPing) checkConnectivity() bool {
-	if h.Settings.Connectivity == "" {
-		return true
-	}
-	tester := newDirectPingClient(
-		h.Settings.Connectivity,
-		h.Settings.Timeout,
-	)
-	if _, err := tester.MeasureDelay(); err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	return true
-}
--- a/app/observatory/burst/healthping_result.go
+++ b/app/observatory/burst/healthping_result.go
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-package burst
-
-import (
-	"math"
-	"time"
-)
-
-// HealthPingStats is the statistics of HealthPingRTTS
-type HealthPingStats struct {
-	All       int
-	Fail      int
-	Deviation time.Duration
-	Average   time.Duration
-	Max       time.Duration
-	Min       time.Duration
-}
-
-// HealthPingRTTS holds ping rtts for health Checker
-type HealthPingRTTS struct {
-	idx      int
-	cap      int
-	validity time.Duration
-	rtts     []*pingRTT
-
-	lastUpdateAt time.Time
-	stats        *HealthPingStats
-}
-
-type pingRTT struct {
-	time  time.Time
-	value time.Duration
-}
-
-// NewHealthPingResult returns a *HealthPingResult with specified capacity
-func NewHealthPingResult(cap int, validity time.Duration) *HealthPingRTTS {
-	return &HealthPingRTTS{cap: cap, validity: validity}
-}
-
-// Get gets statistics of the HealthPingRTTS
-func (h *HealthPingRTTS) Get() *HealthPingStats {
-	return h.getStatistics()
-}
-
-// GetWithCache get statistics and write cache for next call
-// Make sure use Mutex.Lock() before calling it, RWMutex.RLock()
-// is not an option since it writes cache
-func (h *HealthPingRTTS) GetWithCache() *HealthPingStats {
-	lastPutAt := h.rtts[h.idx].time
-	now := time.Now()
-	if h.stats == nil || h.lastUpdateAt.Before(lastPutAt) || h.findOutdated(now) >= 0 {
-		h.stats = h.getStatistics()
-		h.lastUpdateAt = now
-	}
-	return h.stats
-}
-
-// Put puts a new rtt to the HealthPingResult
-func (h *HealthPingRTTS) Put(d time.Duration) {
-	if h.rtts == nil {
-		h.rtts = make([]*pingRTT, h.cap)
-		for i := 0; i < h.cap; i++ {
-			h.rtts[i] = &pingRTT{}
-		}
-		h.idx = -1
-	}
-	h.idx = h.calcIndex(1)
-	now := time.Now()
-	h.rtts[h.idx].time = now
-	h.rtts[h.idx].value = d
-}
-
-func (h *HealthPingRTTS) calcIndex(step int) int {
-	idx := h.idx
-	idx += step
-	if idx >= h.cap {
-		idx %= h.cap
-	}
-	return idx
-}
-
-func (h *HealthPingRTTS) getStatistics() *HealthPingStats {
-	stats := &HealthPingStats{}
-	stats.Fail = 0
-	stats.Max = 0
-	stats.Min = rttFailed
-	sum := time.Duration(0)
-	cnt := 0
-	validRTTs := make([]time.Duration, 0)
-	for _, rtt := range h.rtts {
-		switch {
-		case rtt.value == 0 || time.Since(rtt.time) > h.validity:
-			continue
-		case rtt.value == rttFailed:
-			stats.Fail++
-			continue
-		}
-		cnt++
-		sum += rtt.value
-		validRTTs = append(validRTTs, rtt.value)
-		if stats.Max < rtt.value {
-			stats.Max = rtt.value
-		}
-		if stats.Min > rtt.value {
-			stats.Min = rtt.value
-		}
-	}
-	stats.All = cnt + stats.Fail
-	if cnt == 0 {
-		stats.Min = 0
-		return stats
-	}
-	stats.Average = time.Duration(int(sum) / cnt)
-	var std float64
-	if cnt < 2 {
-		// no enough data for standard deviation, we assume it's half of the average rtt
-		// if we don't do this, standard deviation of 1 round tested nodes is 0, will always
-		// selected before 2 or more rounds tested nodes
-		std = float64(stats.Average / 2)
-	} else {
-		variance := float64(0)
-		for _, rtt := range validRTTs {
-			variance += math.Pow(float64(rtt-stats.Average), 2)
-		}
-		std = math.Sqrt(variance / float64(cnt))
-	}
-	stats.Deviation = time.Duration(std)
-	return stats
-}
-
-func (h *HealthPingRTTS) findOutdated(now time.Time) int {
-	for i := h.cap - 1; i < 2*h.cap; i++ {
-		// from oldest to latest
-		idx := h.calcIndex(i)
-		validity := h.rtts[idx].time.Add(h.validity)
-		if h.lastUpdateAt.After(validity) {
-			return idx
-		}
-		if validity.Before(now) {
-			return idx
-		}
-	}
-	return -1
-}
--- a/app/observatory/burst/healthping_result_test.go
+++ b/app/observatory/burst/healthping_result_test.go
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-package burst_test
-
-import (
-	"math"
-	reflect "reflect"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/observatory/burst"
-)
-
-func TestHealthPingResults(t *testing.T) {
-	rtts := []int64{60, 140, 60, 140, 60, 60, 140, 60, 140}
-	hr := burst.NewHealthPingResult(4, time.Hour)
-	for _, rtt := range rtts {
-		hr.Put(time.Duration(rtt))
-	}
-	rttFailed := time.Duration(math.MaxInt64)
-	expected := &burst.HealthPingStats{
-		All:       4,
-		Fail:      0,
-		Deviation: 40,
-		Average:   100,
-		Max:       140,
-		Min:       60,
-	}
-	actual := hr.Get()
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, actual) {
-		t.Errorf("expected: %v, actual: %v", expected, actual)
-	}
-	hr.Put(rttFailed)
-	hr.Put(rttFailed)
-	expected.Fail = 2
-	actual = hr.Get()
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, actual) {
-		t.Errorf("failed half-failures test, expected: %v, actual: %v", expected, actual)
-	}
-	hr.Put(rttFailed)
-	hr.Put(rttFailed)
-	expected = &burst.HealthPingStats{
-		All:       4,
-		Fail:      4,
-		Deviation: 0,
-		Average:   0,
-		Max:       0,
-		Min:       0,
-	}
-	actual = hr.Get()
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, actual) {
-		t.Errorf("failed all-failures test, expected: %v, actual: %v", expected, actual)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestHealthPingResultsIgnoreOutdated(t *testing.T) {
-	rtts := []int64{60, 140, 60, 140}
-	hr := burst.NewHealthPingResult(4, time.Duration(10)*time.Millisecond)
-	for i, rtt := range rtts {
-		if i == 2 {
-			// wait for previous 2 outdated
-			time.Sleep(time.Duration(10) * time.Millisecond)
-		}
-		hr.Put(time.Duration(rtt))
-	}
-	hr.Get()
-	expected := &burst.HealthPingStats{
-		All:       2,
-		Fail:      0,
-		Deviation: 40,
-		Average:   100,
-		Max:       140,
-		Min:       60,
-	}
-	actual := hr.Get()
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, actual) {
-		t.Errorf("failed 'half-outdated' test, expected: %v, actual: %v", expected, actual)
-	}
-	// wait for all outdated
-	time.Sleep(time.Duration(10) * time.Millisecond)
-	expected = &burst.HealthPingStats{
-		All:       0,
-		Fail:      0,
-		Deviation: 0,
-		Average:   0,
-		Max:       0,
-		Min:       0,
-	}
-	actual = hr.Get()
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, actual) {
-		t.Errorf("failed 'outdated / not-tested' test, expected: %v, actual: %v", expected, actual)
-	}
-
-	hr.Put(time.Duration(60))
-	expected = &burst.HealthPingStats{
-		All:  1,
-		Fail: 0,
-		// 1 sample, std=0.5rtt
-		Deviation: 30,
-		Average:   60,
-		Max:       60,
-		Min:       60,
-	}
-	actual = hr.Get()
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, actual) {
-		t.Errorf("expected: %v, actual: %v", expected, actual)
-	}
-}
--- a/app/observatory/burst/ping.go
+++ b/app/observatory/burst/ping.go
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-package burst
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net/http"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/net"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/transport/internet/tagged"
-)
-
-type pingClient struct {
-	destination string
-	httpClient  *http.Client
-}
-
-func newPingClient(ctx context.Context, destination string, timeout time.Duration, handler string) *pingClient {
-	return &pingClient{
-		destination: destination,
-		httpClient:  newHTTPClient(ctx, handler, timeout),
-	}
-}
-
-func newDirectPingClient(destination string, timeout time.Duration) *pingClient {
-	return &pingClient{
-		destination: destination,
-		httpClient:  &http.Client{Timeout: timeout},
-	}
-}
-
-func newHTTPClient(ctxv context.Context, handler string, timeout time.Duration) *http.Client {
-	tr := &http.Transport{
-		DisableKeepAlives: true,
-		DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-			dest, err := net.ParseDestination(network + ":" + addr)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			return tagged.Dialer(ctxv, dest, handler)
-		},
-	}
-	return &http.Client{
-		Transport: tr,
-		Timeout:   timeout,
-		// don't follow redirect
-		CheckRedirect: func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
-			return http.ErrUseLastResponse
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-// MeasureDelay returns the delay time of the request to dest
-func (s *pingClient) MeasureDelay() (time.Duration, error) {
-	if s.httpClient == nil {
-		panic("pingClient no initialized")
-	}
-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodHead, s.destination, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return rttFailed, err
-	}
-	start := time.Now()
-	resp, err := s.httpClient.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return rttFailed, err
-	}
-	// don't wait for body
-	resp.Body.Close()
-	return time.Since(start), nil
-}
--- a/app/observatory/command/command.go
+++ b/app/observatory/command/command.go
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+//go:build !confonly
+// +build !confonly
+
 package command

 import (
--- a/app/observatory/command/command.pb.go
+++ b/app/observatory/command/command.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: app/observatory/command/command.proto

 package command
--- a/app/observatory/command/command_grpc.pb.go
+++ b/app/observatory/command/command_grpc.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go-grpc. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.3.0
-// - protoc             v4.23.1
+// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.2.0
+// - protoc             v3.21.12
 // source: app/observatory/command/command.proto

 package command
@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@ import (
 // Requires gRPC-Go v1.32.0 or later.
 const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion7

-const (
-	ObservatoryService_GetOutboundStatus_FullMethodName = "/xray.core.app.observatory.command.ObservatoryService/GetOutboundStatus"
-)
-
 // ObservatoryServiceClient is the client API for ObservatoryService service.
 //
 // For semantics around ctx use and closing/ending streaming RPCs, please refer to https://pkg.go.dev/google.golang.org/grpc/?tab=doc#ClientConn.NewStream.
@@ -39,7 +35,7 @@ func NewObservatoryServiceClient(cc grpc.ClientConnInterface) ObservatoryService

 func (c *observatoryServiceClient) GetOutboundStatus(ctx context.Context, in *GetOutboundStatusRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetOutboundStatusResponse, error) {
 	out := new(GetOutboundStatusResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, ObservatoryService_GetOutboundStatus_FullMethodName, in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/xray.core.app.observatory.command.ObservatoryService/GetOutboundStatus", in, out, opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -84,7 +80,7 @@ func _ObservatoryService_GetOutboundStatus_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: ObservatoryService_GetOutboundStatus_FullMethodName,
+		FullMethod: "/xray.core.app.observatory.command.ObservatoryService/GetOutboundStatus",
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(ObservatoryServiceServer).GetOutboundStatus(ctx, req.(*GetOutboundStatusRequest))
--- a/app/observatory/config.pb.go
+++ b/app/observatory/config.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: app/observatory/config.proto

 package observatory
@@ -67,93 +67,6 @@ func (x *ObservationResult) GetStatus() []*OutboundStatus {
 	return nil
 }

-type HealthPingMeasurementResult struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-
-	All       int64 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=all,proto3" json:"all,omitempty"`
-	Fail      int64 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=fail,proto3" json:"fail,omitempty"`
-	Deviation int64 `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=deviation,proto3" json:"deviation,omitempty"`
-	Average   int64 `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=average,proto3" json:"average,omitempty"`
-	Max       int64 `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=max,proto3" json:"max,omitempty"`
-	Min       int64 `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=min,proto3" json:"min,omitempty"`
-}
-
-func (x *HealthPingMeasurementResult) Reset() {
-	*x = HealthPingMeasurementResult{}
-	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[1]
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-	}
-}
-
-func (x *HealthPingMeasurementResult) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*HealthPingMeasurementResult) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *HealthPingMeasurementResult) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[1]
-	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use HealthPingMeasurementResult.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*HealthPingMeasurementResult) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_app_observatory_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
-}
-
-func (x *HealthPingMeasurementResult) GetAll() int64 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.All
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-func (x *HealthPingMeasurementResult) GetFail() int64 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Fail
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-func (x *HealthPingMeasurementResult) GetDeviation() int64 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Deviation
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-func (x *HealthPingMeasurementResult) GetAverage() int64 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Average
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-func (x *HealthPingMeasurementResult) GetMax() int64 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Max
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-func (x *HealthPingMeasurementResult) GetMin() int64 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Min
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
 type OutboundStatus struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -177,14 +90,13 @@ type OutboundStatus struct {
 	LastSeenTime int64 `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=last_seen_time,json=lastSeenTime,proto3" json:"last_seen_time,omitempty"`
 	// @Document The time this outbound is tried
 	// @Type id.outboundTag
-	LastTryTime int64                        `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=last_try_time,json=lastTryTime,proto3" json:"last_try_time,omitempty"`
-	HealthPing  *HealthPingMeasurementResult `protobuf:"bytes,7,opt,name=health_ping,json=healthPing,proto3" json:"health_ping,omitempty"`
+	LastTryTime int64 `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=last_try_time,json=lastTryTime,proto3" json:"last_try_time,omitempty"`
 }

 func (x *OutboundStatus) Reset() {
 	*x = OutboundStatus{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[2]
+		mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[1]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -197,7 +109,7 @@ func (x *OutboundStatus) String() string {
 func (*OutboundStatus) ProtoMessage() {}

 func (x *OutboundStatus) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[2]
+	mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[1]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -210,7 +122,7 @@ func (x *OutboundStatus) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {

 // Deprecated: Use OutboundStatus.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*OutboundStatus) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_app_observatory_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{2}
+	return file_app_observatory_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
 }

 func (x *OutboundStatus) GetAlive() bool {
@@ -255,13 +167,6 @@ func (x *OutboundStatus) GetLastTryTime() int64 {
 	return 0
 }

-func (x *OutboundStatus) GetHealthPing() *HealthPingMeasurementResult {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.HealthPing
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 type ProbeResult struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -282,7 +187,7 @@ type ProbeResult struct {
 func (x *ProbeResult) Reset() {
 	*x = ProbeResult{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[3]
+		mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[2]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -295,7 +200,7 @@ func (x *ProbeResult) String() string {
 func (*ProbeResult) ProtoMessage() {}

 func (x *ProbeResult) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[3]
+	mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[2]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -308,7 +213,7 @@ func (x *ProbeResult) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {

 // Deprecated: Use ProbeResult.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ProbeResult) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_app_observatory_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{3}
+	return file_app_observatory_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{2}
 }

 func (x *ProbeResult) GetAlive() bool {
@@ -345,7 +250,7 @@ type Intensity struct {
 func (x *Intensity) Reset() {
 	*x = Intensity{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[4]
+		mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[3]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -358,7 +263,7 @@ func (x *Intensity) String() string {
 func (*Intensity) ProtoMessage() {}

 func (x *Intensity) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[4]
+	mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[3]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -371,7 +276,7 @@ func (x *Intensity) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {

 // Deprecated: Use Intensity.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*Intensity) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_app_observatory_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4}
+	return file_app_observatory_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{3}
 }

 func (x *Intensity) GetProbeInterval() uint32 {
@@ -396,7 +301,7 @@ type Config struct {
 func (x *Config) Reset() {
 	*x = Config{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[5]
+		mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[4]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -409,7 +314,7 @@ func (x *Config) String() string {
 func (*Config) ProtoMessage() {}

 func (x *Config) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[5]
+	mi := &file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[4]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -422,7 +327,7 @@ func (x *Config) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {

 // Deprecated: Use Config.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*Config) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_app_observatory_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{5}
+	return file_app_observatory_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4}
 }

 func (x *Config) GetSubjectSelector() []string {
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+	0x65, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x79, 0x18, 0x05, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x08, 0x52, 0x11, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x62,
+	0x6c, 0x65, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x75, 0x72, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x79, 0x42, 0x5e, 0x0a,
+	0x18, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2e, 0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2e, 0x6f, 0x62,
+	0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x76, 0x61, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x79, 0x50, 0x01, 0x5a, 0x29, 0x67, 0x69, 0x74,
+	0x68, 0x75, 0x62, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x78, 0x74, 0x6c, 0x73, 0x2f, 0x78, 0x72, 0x61,
+	0x79, 0x2d, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x2f, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2f, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72,
+	0x76, 0x61, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x79, 0xaa, 0x02, 0x14, 0x58, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x41, 0x70,
+	0x70, 0x2e, 0x4f, 0x62, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x76, 0x61, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x79, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70,
+	0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
 }

 var (
@@ -535,23 +425,21 @@ func file_app_observatory_config_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 	return file_app_observatory_config_proto_rawDescData
 }

-var file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 6)
+var file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 5)
 var file_app_observatory_config_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
-	(*ObservationResult)(nil),           // 0: xray.core.app.observatory.ObservationResult
-	(*HealthPingMeasurementResult)(nil), // 1: xray.core.app.observatory.HealthPingMeasurementResult
-	(*OutboundStatus)(nil),              // 2: xray.core.app.observatory.OutboundStatus
-	(*ProbeResult)(nil),                 // 3: xray.core.app.observatory.ProbeResult
-	(*Intensity)(nil),                   // 4: xray.core.app.observatory.Intensity
-	(*Config)(nil),                      // 5: xray.core.app.observatory.Config
+	(*ObservationResult)(nil), // 0: xray.core.app.observatory.ObservationResult
+	(*OutboundStatus)(nil),    // 1: xray.core.app.observatory.OutboundStatus
+	(*ProbeResult)(nil),       // 2: xray.core.app.observatory.ProbeResult
+	(*Intensity)(nil),         // 3: xray.core.app.observatory.Intensity
+	(*Config)(nil),            // 4: xray.core.app.observatory.Config
 }
 var file_app_observatory_config_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	2, // 0: xray.core.app.observatory.ObservationResult.status:type_name -> xray.core.app.observatory.OutboundStatus
-	1, // 1: xray.core.app.observatory.OutboundStatus.health_ping:type_name -> xray.core.app.observatory.HealthPingMeasurementResult
-	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0, // [0:2] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	1, // 0: xray.core.app.observatory.ObservationResult.status:type_name -> xray.core.app.observatory.OutboundStatus
+	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0, // [0:1] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }

 func init() { file_app_observatory_config_proto_init() }
@@ -573,18 +461,6 @@ func file_app_observatory_config_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[1].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*HealthPingMeasurementResult); i {
-			case 0:
-				return &v.state
-			case 1:
-				return &v.sizeCache
-			case 2:
-				return &v.unknownFields
-			default:
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-		file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[2].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
 			switch v := v.(*OutboundStatus); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
@@ -596,7 +472,7 @@ func file_app_observatory_config_proto_init() {
 				return nil
 			}
 		}
-		file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[3].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+		file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[2].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
 			switch v := v.(*ProbeResult); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
@@ -608,7 +484,7 @@ func file_app_observatory_config_proto_init() {
 				return nil
 			}
 		}
-		file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[4].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+		file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[3].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
 			switch v := v.(*Intensity); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
@@ -620,7 +496,7 @@ func file_app_observatory_config_proto_init() {
 				return nil
 			}
 		}
-		file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[5].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+		file_app_observatory_config_proto_msgTypes[4].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
 			switch v := v.(*Config); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
@@ -639,7 +515,7 @@ func file_app_observatory_config_proto_init() {
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: file_app_observatory_config_proto_rawDesc,
 			NumEnums:      0,
-			NumMessages:   6,
+			NumMessages:   5,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   0,
 		},
--- a/app/observatory/config.proto
+++ b/app/observatory/config.proto
@@ -10,15 +10,6 @@ message ObservationResult {
  repeated OutboundStatus status = 1;
 }

-message HealthPingMeasurementResult {
-  int64 all = 1;
-  int64 fail = 2;
-  int64 deviation = 3;
-  int64 average = 4;
-  int64 max = 5;
-  int64 min = 6;
-}
-
 message OutboundStatus{
  /* @Document Whether this outbound is usable
     @Restriction ReadOnlyForUser
@@ -45,8 +36,6 @@ message OutboundStatus{
   @Type id.outboundTag
 */
  int64 last_try_time = 6;
-
-  HealthPingMeasurementResult health_ping = 7;
 }

 message ProbeResult{
--- a/app/observatory/observer.go
+++ b/app/observatory/observer.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common"
 	v2net "github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/net"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/session"
@@ -18,7 +19,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/extension"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/outbound"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/transport/internet/tagged"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 )

 type Observer struct {
--- a/app/policy/config.pb.go
+++ b/app/policy/config.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: app/policy/config.proto

 package policy
--- a/app/proxyman/command/command.pb.go
+++ b/app/proxyman/command/command.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: app/proxyman/command/command.proto

 package command
--- a/app/proxyman/command/command_grpc.pb.go
+++ b/app/proxyman/command/command_grpc.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go-grpc. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.3.0
-// - protoc             v4.23.1
+// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.2.0
+// - protoc             v3.21.12
 // source: app/proxyman/command/command.proto

 package command
@@ -18,15 +18,6 @@ import (
 // Requires gRPC-Go v1.32.0 or later.
 const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion7

-const (
-	HandlerService_AddInbound_FullMethodName     = "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/AddInbound"
-	HandlerService_RemoveInbound_FullMethodName  = "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/RemoveInbound"
-	HandlerService_AlterInbound_FullMethodName   = "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/AlterInbound"
-	HandlerService_AddOutbound_FullMethodName    = "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/AddOutbound"
-	HandlerService_RemoveOutbound_FullMethodName = "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/RemoveOutbound"
-	HandlerService_AlterOutbound_FullMethodName  = "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/AlterOutbound"
-)
-
 // HandlerServiceClient is the client API for HandlerService service.
 //
 // For semantics around ctx use and closing/ending streaming RPCs, please refer to https://pkg.go.dev/google.golang.org/grpc/?tab=doc#ClientConn.NewStream.
@@ -49,7 +40,7 @@ func NewHandlerServiceClient(cc grpc.ClientConnInterface) HandlerServiceClient {

 func (c *handlerServiceClient) AddInbound(ctx context.Context, in *AddInboundRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AddInboundResponse, error) {
 	out := new(AddInboundResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, HandlerService_AddInbound_FullMethodName, in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/AddInbound", in, out, opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -58,7 +49,7 @@ func (c *handlerServiceClient) AddInbound(ctx context.Context, in *AddInboundReq

 func (c *handlerServiceClient) RemoveInbound(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveInboundRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RemoveInboundResponse, error) {
 	out := new(RemoveInboundResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, HandlerService_RemoveInbound_FullMethodName, in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/RemoveInbound", in, out, opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -67,7 +58,7 @@ func (c *handlerServiceClient) RemoveInbound(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveInbo

 func (c *handlerServiceClient) AlterInbound(ctx context.Context, in *AlterInboundRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AlterInboundResponse, error) {
 	out := new(AlterInboundResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, HandlerService_AlterInbound_FullMethodName, in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/AlterInbound", in, out, opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -76,7 +67,7 @@ func (c *handlerServiceClient) AlterInbound(ctx context.Context, in *AlterInboun

 func (c *handlerServiceClient) AddOutbound(ctx context.Context, in *AddOutboundRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AddOutboundResponse, error) {
 	out := new(AddOutboundResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, HandlerService_AddOutbound_FullMethodName, in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/AddOutbound", in, out, opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -85,7 +76,7 @@ func (c *handlerServiceClient) AddOutbound(ctx context.Context, in *AddOutboundR

 func (c *handlerServiceClient) RemoveOutbound(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveOutboundRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RemoveOutboundResponse, error) {
 	out := new(RemoveOutboundResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, HandlerService_RemoveOutbound_FullMethodName, in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/RemoveOutbound", in, out, opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -94,7 +85,7 @@ func (c *handlerServiceClient) RemoveOutbound(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveOut

 func (c *handlerServiceClient) AlterOutbound(ctx context.Context, in *AlterOutboundRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AlterOutboundResponse, error) {
 	out := new(AlterOutboundResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, HandlerService_AlterOutbound_FullMethodName, in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/AlterOutbound", in, out, opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -159,7 +150,7 @@ func _HandlerService_AddInbound_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, de
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: HandlerService_AddInbound_FullMethodName,
+		FullMethod: "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/AddInbound",
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(HandlerServiceServer).AddInbound(ctx, req.(*AddInboundRequest))
@@ -177,7 +168,7 @@ func _HandlerService_RemoveInbound_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context,
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: HandlerService_RemoveInbound_FullMethodName,
+		FullMethod: "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/RemoveInbound",
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(HandlerServiceServer).RemoveInbound(ctx, req.(*RemoveInboundRequest))
@@ -195,7 +186,7 @@ func _HandlerService_AlterInbound_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context,
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: HandlerService_AlterInbound_FullMethodName,
+		FullMethod: "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/AlterInbound",
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(HandlerServiceServer).AlterInbound(ctx, req.(*AlterInboundRequest))
@@ -213,7 +204,7 @@ func _HandlerService_AddOutbound_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, d
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: HandlerService_AddOutbound_FullMethodName,
+		FullMethod: "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/AddOutbound",
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(HandlerServiceServer).AddOutbound(ctx, req.(*AddOutboundRequest))
@@ -231,7 +222,7 @@ func _HandlerService_RemoveOutbound_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: HandlerService_RemoveOutbound_FullMethodName,
+		FullMethod: "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/RemoveOutbound",
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(HandlerServiceServer).RemoveOutbound(ctx, req.(*RemoveOutboundRequest))
@@ -249,7 +240,7 @@ func _HandlerService_AlterOutbound_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context,
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: HandlerService_AlterOutbound_FullMethodName,
+		FullMethod: "/xray.app.proxyman.command.HandlerService/AlterOutbound",
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(HandlerServiceServer).AlterOutbound(ctx, req.(*AlterOutboundRequest))
--- a/app/proxyman/config.pb.go
+++ b/app/proxyman/config.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: app/proxyman/config.proto

 package proxyman
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ type ReceiverConfig struct {
 	// Override domains for the given protocol.
 	// Deprecated. Use sniffing_settings.
 	//
-	// Deprecated: Marked as deprecated in app/proxyman/config.proto.
+	// Deprecated: Do not use.
 	DomainOverride   []KnownProtocols `protobuf:"varint,7,rep,packed,name=domain_override,json=domainOverride,proto3,enum=xray.app.proxyman.KnownProtocols" json:"domain_override,omitempty"`
 	SniffingSettings *SniffingConfig  `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=sniffing_settings,json=sniffingSettings,proto3" json:"sniffing_settings,omitempty"`
 }
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ func (x *ReceiverConfig) GetReceiveOriginalDestination() bool {
 	return false
 }

-// Deprecated: Marked as deprecated in app/proxyman/config.proto.
+// Deprecated: Do not use.
 func (x *ReceiverConfig) GetDomainOverride() []KnownProtocols {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.DomainOverride
@@ -524,7 +524,6 @@ type SenderConfig struct {
 	StreamSettings    *internet.StreamConfig `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=stream_settings,json=streamSettings,proto3" json:"stream_settings,omitempty"`
 	ProxySettings     *internet.ProxyConfig  `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=proxy_settings,json=proxySettings,proto3" json:"proxy_settings,omitempty"`
 	MultiplexSettings *MultiplexingConfig    `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=multiplex_settings,json=multiplexSettings,proto3" json:"multiplex_settings,omitempty"`
-	ViaCidr           string                 `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=via_cidr,json=viaCidr,proto3" json:"via_cidr,omitempty"`
 }

 func (x *SenderConfig) Reset() {
@@ -587,13 +586,6 @@ func (x *SenderConfig) GetMultiplexSettings() *MultiplexingConfig {
 	return nil
 }

-func (x *SenderConfig) GetViaCidr() string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.ViaCidr
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
 type MultiplexingConfig struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -863,7 +855,7 @@ var file_app_proxyman_config_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x6d, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x2e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x69, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x2e, 0x54, 0x79, 0x70, 0x65,
 	0x64, 0x4d, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x52, 0x0d, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x78, 0x79, 0x53,
 	0x65, 0x74, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x73, 0x22, 0x10, 0x0a, 0x0e, 0x4f, 0x75, 0x74, 0x62, 0x6f,
-	0x75, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x22, 0xcb, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x53, 0x65,
+	0x75, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x22, 0xb0, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x53, 0x65,
 	0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x12, 0x2d, 0x0a, 0x03, 0x76, 0x69,
 	0x61, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x1b, 0x2e, 0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x63,
 	0x6f, 0x6d, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x2e, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x74, 0x2e, 0x49, 0x50, 0x4f, 0x72, 0x44, 0x6f,
@@ -882,28 +874,26 @@ var file_app_proxyman_config_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x25, 0x2e, 0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72,
 	0x6f, 0x78, 0x79, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x2e, 0x4d, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x74, 0x69, 0x70, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x78,
 	0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x52, 0x11, 0x6d, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x74, 0x69,
-	0x70, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x78, 0x53, 0x65, 0x74, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x73, 0x12, 0x19, 0x0a, 0x08,
-	0x76, 0x69, 0x61, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x69, 0x64, 0x72, 0x18, 0x05, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x07,
-	0x76, 0x69, 0x61, 0x43, 0x69, 0x64, 0x72, 0x22, 0xa4, 0x01, 0x0a, 0x12, 0x4d, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x74,
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-	0x0a, 0x07, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x62, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x64, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x08, 0x52,
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-	0x64, 0x70, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x75, 0x72, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x79, 0x18, 0x03, 0x20,
-	0x01, 0x28, 0x05, 0x52, 0x0f, 0x78, 0x75, 0x64, 0x70, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x75, 0x72, 0x72,
-	0x65, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x79, 0x12, 0x28, 0x0a, 0x0f, 0x78, 0x75, 0x64, 0x70, 0x50, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x78,
-	0x79, 0x55, 0x44, 0x50, 0x34, 0x34, 0x33, 0x18, 0x04, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x0f, 0x78,
-	0x75, 0x64, 0x70, 0x50, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x78, 0x79, 0x55, 0x44, 0x50, 0x34, 0x34, 0x33, 0x2a, 0x23,
-	0x0a, 0x0e, 0x4b, 0x6e, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x6e, 0x50, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x73,
-	0x12, 0x08, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x48, 0x54, 0x54, 0x50, 0x10, 0x00, 0x12, 0x07, 0x0a, 0x03, 0x54, 0x4c,
-	0x53, 0x10, 0x01, 0x42, 0x55, 0x0a, 0x15, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2e, 0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e,
-	0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x78, 0x79, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x50, 0x01, 0x5a, 0x26,
-	0x67, 0x69, 0x74, 0x68, 0x75, 0x62, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x78, 0x74, 0x6c, 0x73, 0x2f,
-	0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2d, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x2f, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72,
-	0x6f, 0x78, 0x79, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0xaa, 0x02, 0x11, 0x58, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x41, 0x70,
-	0x70, 0x2e, 0x50, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x78, 0x79, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74,
-	0x6f, 0x33,
+	0x70, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x78, 0x53, 0x65, 0x74, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x73, 0x22, 0xa4, 0x01, 0x0a,
+	0x12, 0x4d, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x74, 0x69, 0x70, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x78, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e,
+	0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x12, 0x18, 0x0a, 0x07, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x62, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x64, 0x18, 0x01,
+	0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x08, 0x52, 0x07, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x62, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x64, 0x12, 0x20, 0x0a,
+	0x0b, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x75, 0x72, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x79, 0x18, 0x02, 0x20, 0x01,
+	0x28, 0x05, 0x52, 0x0b, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x75, 0x72, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x79, 0x12,
+	0x28, 0x0a, 0x0f, 0x78, 0x75, 0x64, 0x70, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x75, 0x72, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6e,
+	0x63, 0x79, 0x18, 0x03, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x05, 0x52, 0x0f, 0x78, 0x75, 0x64, 0x70, 0x43, 0x6f,
+	0x6e, 0x63, 0x75, 0x72, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x79, 0x12, 0x28, 0x0a, 0x0f, 0x78, 0x75, 0x64,
+	0x70, 0x50, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x78, 0x79, 0x55, 0x44, 0x50, 0x34, 0x34, 0x33, 0x18, 0x04, 0x20, 0x01,
+	0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x0f, 0x78, 0x75, 0x64, 0x70, 0x50, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x78, 0x79, 0x55, 0x44, 0x50,
+	0x34, 0x34, 0x33, 0x2a, 0x23, 0x0a, 0x0e, 0x4b, 0x6e, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x6e, 0x50, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74,
+	0x6f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x73, 0x12, 0x08, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x48, 0x54, 0x54, 0x50, 0x10, 0x00, 0x12,
+	0x07, 0x0a, 0x03, 0x54, 0x4c, 0x53, 0x10, 0x01, 0x42, 0x55, 0x0a, 0x15, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2e,
+	0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x78, 0x79, 0x6d, 0x61,
+	0x6e, 0x50, 0x01, 0x5a, 0x26, 0x67, 0x69, 0x74, 0x68, 0x75, 0x62, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2f,
+	0x78, 0x74, 0x6c, 0x73, 0x2f, 0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2d, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x2f, 0x61,
+	0x70, 0x70, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x78, 0x79, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0xaa, 0x02, 0x11, 0x58, 0x72,
+	0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x41, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2e, 0x50, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x78, 0x79, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x62,
+	0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
 }

 var (
--- a/app/proxyman/config.proto
+++ b/app/proxyman/config.proto
@@ -91,7 +91,6 @@ message SenderConfig {
  xray.transport.internet.StreamConfig stream_settings = 2;
  xray.transport.internet.ProxyConfig proxy_settings = 3;
  MultiplexingConfig multiplex_settings = 4;
-  string via_cidr = 5;
 }

 message MultiplexingConfig {
--- a/app/proxyman/inbound/worker.go
+++ b/app/proxyman/inbound/worker.go
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ func (w *tcpWorker) callback(conn stat.Connection) {
 	sid := session.NewID()
 	ctx = session.ContextWithID(ctx, sid)

-	outbounds := []*session.Outbound{{}}
 	if w.recvOrigDest {
 		var dest net.Destination
 		switch getTProxyType(w.stream) {
@@ -75,10 +74,11 @@ func (w *tcpWorker) callback(conn stat.Connection) {
 			dest = net.DestinationFromAddr(conn.LocalAddr())
 		}
 		if dest.IsValid() {
-			outbounds[0].Target = dest
+			ctx = session.ContextWithOutbound(ctx, &session.Outbound{
+				Target: dest,
+			})
 		}
 	}
-	ctx = session.ContextWithOutbounds(ctx, outbounds)

 	if w.uplinkCounter != nil || w.downlinkCounter != nil {
 		conn = &stat.CounterConnection{
@@ -309,10 +309,9 @@ func (w *udpWorker) callback(b *buf.Buffer, source net.Destination, originalDest
 			ctx = session.ContextWithID(ctx, sid)

 			if originalDest.IsValid() {
-				outbounds := []*session.Outbound{{
+				ctx = session.ContextWithOutbound(ctx, &session.Outbound{
 					Target: originalDest,
-				}}
-				ctx = session.ContextWithOutbounds(ctx, outbounds)
+				})
 			}
 			ctx = session.ContextWithInbound(ctx, &session.Inbound{
 				Source:  source,
@@ -363,7 +362,7 @@ func (w *udpWorker) clean() error {
 	}

 	for addr, conn := range w.activeConn {
-		if nowSec-atomic.LoadInt64(&conn.lastActivityTime) > 2*60 {
+		if nowSec-atomic.LoadInt64(&conn.lastActivityTime) > 5*60 { // TODO Timeout too small
 			if !conn.inactive {
 				conn.setInactive()
 				delete(w.activeConn, addr)
--- a/app/proxyman/outbound/handler.go
+++ b/app/proxyman/outbound/handler.go
@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ package outbound

 import (
 	"context"
-	"crypto/rand"
 	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/proxyman"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/buf"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/mux"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/net"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/net/cnc"
@@ -21,10 +22,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/transport/internet/stat"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/transport/internet/tls"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/transport/pipe"
-	"io"
-	"math/big"
-	gonet "net"
-	"os"
 )

 func getStatCounter(v *core.Instance, tag string) (stats.Counter, stats.Counter) {
@@ -169,12 +166,6 @@ func (h *Handler) Tag() string {

 // Dispatch implements proxy.Outbound.Dispatch.
 func (h *Handler) Dispatch(ctx context.Context, link *transport.Link) {
-	outbounds := session.OutboundsFromContext(ctx)
-	ob := outbounds[len(outbounds) - 1]
-	if ob.Target.Network == net.Network_UDP && ob.OriginalTarget.Address != nil && ob.OriginalTarget.Address != ob.Target.Address {
-		link.Reader = &buf.EndpointOverrideReader{Reader: link.Reader, Dest: ob.Target.Address, OriginalDest: ob.OriginalTarget.Address}
-		link.Writer = &buf.EndpointOverrideWriter{Writer: link.Writer, Dest: ob.Target.Address, OriginalDest: ob.OriginalTarget.Address}
-	}
 	if h.mux != nil {
 		test := func(err error) {
 			if err != nil {
@@ -184,7 +175,8 @@ func (h *Handler) Dispatch(ctx context.Context, link *transport.Link) {
 				common.Interrupt(link.Writer)
 			}
 		}
-		if ob.Target.Network == net.Network_UDP && ob.Target.Port == 443 {
+		outbound := session.OutboundFromContext(ctx)
+		if outbound.Target.Network == net.Network_UDP && outbound.Target.Port == 443 {
 			switch h.udp443 {
 			case "reject":
 				test(newError("XUDP rejected UDP/443 traffic").AtInfo())
@@ -193,7 +185,7 @@ func (h *Handler) Dispatch(ctx context.Context, link *transport.Link) {
 				goto out
 			}
 		}
-		if h.xudp != nil && ob.Target.Network == net.Network_UDP {
+		if h.xudp != nil && outbound.Target.Network == net.Network_UDP {
 			if !h.xudp.Enabled {
 				goto out
 			}
@@ -232,10 +224,6 @@ func (h *Handler) Address() net.Address {
 	return h.senderSettings.Via.AsAddress()
 }

-func (h *Handler) DestIpAddress() net.IP {
-	return internet.DestIpAddress()
-}
-
 // Dial implements internet.Dialer.
 func (h *Handler) Dial(ctx context.Context, dest net.Destination) (stat.Connection, error) {
 	if h.senderSettings != nil {
@@ -244,11 +232,10 @@ func (h *Handler) Dial(ctx context.Context, dest net.Destination) (stat.Connecti
 			handler := h.outboundManager.GetHandler(tag)
 			if handler != nil {
 				newError("proxying to ", tag, " for dest ", dest).AtDebug().WriteToLog(session.ExportIDToError(ctx))
-				outbounds := session.OutboundsFromContext(ctx)
-				ctx = session.ContextWithOutbounds(ctx, append(outbounds, &session.Outbound{
+				ctx = session.ContextWithOutbound(ctx, &session.Outbound{
 					Target: dest,
-					Tag: tag,
-				})) // add another outbound in session ctx
+				})
+
 				opts := pipe.OptionsFromContext(ctx)
 				uplinkReader, uplinkWriter := pipe.New(opts...)
 				downlinkReader, downlinkWriter := pipe.New(opts...)
@@ -268,13 +255,12 @@ func (h *Handler) Dial(ctx context.Context, dest net.Destination) (stat.Connecti
 		}

 		if h.senderSettings.Via != nil {
-			outbounds := session.OutboundsFromContext(ctx)
-			ob := outbounds[len(outbounds) - 1]
-			if h.senderSettings.ViaCidr == "" {
-				ob.Gateway = h.senderSettings.Via.AsAddress()
-			} else { //Get a random address.
-				ob.Gateway = ParseRandomIPv6(h.senderSettings.Via.AsAddress(), h.senderSettings.ViaCidr)
+			outbound := session.OutboundFromContext(ctx)
+			if outbound == nil {
+				outbound = new(session.Outbound)
+				ctx = session.ContextWithOutbound(ctx, outbound)
 			}
+			outbound.Gateway = h.senderSettings.Via.AsAddress()
 		}
 	}

@@ -283,11 +269,7 @@ func (h *Handler) Dial(ctx context.Context, dest net.Destination) (stat.Connecti
 	}

 	conn, err := internet.Dial(ctx, dest, h.streamSettings)
-	conn = h.getStatCouterConnection(conn)
-	outbounds := session.OutboundsFromContext(ctx)
-	ob := outbounds[len(outbounds) - 1]
-	ob.Conn = conn
-	return conn, err
+	return h.getStatCouterConnection(conn), err
 }

 func (h *Handler) getStatCouterConnection(conn stat.Connection) stat.Connection {
@@ -316,22 +298,3 @@ func (h *Handler) Close() error {
 	common.Close(h.mux)
 	return nil
 }
-
-
-func ParseRandomIPv6(address net.Address, prefix string) net.Address {
-	_, network, _ := gonet.ParseCIDR(address.IP().String() + "/" + prefix)
-
-	maskSize, totalBits := network.Mask.Size()
-	subnetSize := big.NewInt(1).Lsh(big.NewInt(1), uint(totalBits-maskSize))
-
-	// random
-	randomBigInt, _ := rand.Int(rand.Reader, subnetSize)
-
-	startIPBigInt := big.NewInt(0).SetBytes(network.IP.To16())
-	randomIPBigInt := big.NewInt(0).Add(startIPBigInt, randomBigInt)
-
-	randomIPBytes := randomIPBigInt.Bytes()
-	randomIPBytes = append(make([]byte, 16-len(randomIPBytes)), randomIPBytes...)
-
-	return net.ParseAddress(gonet.IP(randomIPBytes).String())
-}
--- a/app/proxyman/outbound/handler_test.go
+++ b/app/proxyman/outbound/handler_test.go
@@ -2,19 +2,13 @@ package outbound_test

 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
-	"time"

 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/policy"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/proxyman"
 	. "github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/proxyman/outbound"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/stats"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/net"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/serial"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/session"
 	core "github.com/xtls/xray-core/core"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/outbound"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/proxy/freedom"
@@ -45,7 +39,6 @@ func TestOutboundWithoutStatCounter(t *testing.T) {
 	v, _ := core.New(config)
 	v.AddFeature((outbound.Manager)(new(Manager)))
 	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), xrayKey, v)
-	ctx = session.ContextWithOutbounds(ctx, []*session.Outbound{{}})
 	h, _ := NewHandler(ctx, &core.OutboundHandlerConfig{
 		Tag:           "tag",
 		ProxySettings: serial.ToTypedMessage(&freedom.Config{}),
@@ -75,7 +68,6 @@ func TestOutboundWithStatCounter(t *testing.T) {
 	v, _ := core.New(config)
 	v.AddFeature((outbound.Manager)(new(Manager)))
 	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), xrayKey, v)
-	ctx = session.ContextWithOutbounds(ctx, []*session.Outbound{{}})
 	h, _ := NewHandler(ctx, &core.OutboundHandlerConfig{
 		Tag:           "tag",
 		ProxySettings: serial.ToTypedMessage(&freedom.Config{}),
@@ -86,91 +78,3 @@ func TestOutboundWithStatCounter(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected conn to be CounterConnection")
 	}
 }
-
-func TestTagsCache(t *testing.T) {
-
-	test_duration := 10 * time.Second
-	threads_num := 50
-	delay := 10 * time.Millisecond
-	tags_prefix := "node"
-
-	tags := sync.Map{}
-	counter := atomic.Uint64{}
-
-	ohm, err := New(context.Background(), &proxyman.OutboundConfig{})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Error("failed to create outbound handler manager")
-	}
-	config := &core.Config{
-		App: []*serial.TypedMessage{},
-	}
-	v, _ := core.New(config)
-	v.AddFeature(ohm)
-	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), xrayKey, v)
-
-	stop_add_rm := false
-	wg_add_rm := sync.WaitGroup{}
-	addHandlers := func() {
-		defer wg_add_rm.Done()
-		for !stop_add_rm {
-			time.Sleep(delay)
-			idx := counter.Add(1)
-			tag := fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", tags_prefix, idx)
-			cfg := &core.OutboundHandlerConfig{
-				Tag:           tag,
-				ProxySettings: serial.ToTypedMessage(&freedom.Config{}),
-			}
-			if h, err := NewHandler(ctx, cfg); err == nil {
-				if err := ohm.AddHandler(ctx, h); err == nil {
-					// t.Log("add handler:", tag)
-					tags.Store(tag, nil)
-				} else {
-					t.Error("failed to add handler:", tag)
-				}
-			} else {
-				t.Error("failed to create handler:", tag)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	rmHandlers := func() {
-		defer wg_add_rm.Done()
-		for !stop_add_rm {
-			time.Sleep(delay)
-			tags.Range(func(key interface{}, value interface{}) bool {
-				if _, ok := tags.LoadAndDelete(key); ok {
-					// t.Log("remove handler:", key)
-					ohm.RemoveHandler(ctx, key.(string))
-					return false
-				}
-				return true
-			})
-		}
-	}
-
-	selectors := []string{tags_prefix}
-	wg_get := sync.WaitGroup{}
-	stop_get := false
-	getTags := func() {
-		defer wg_get.Done()
-		for !stop_get {
-			time.Sleep(delay)
-			_ = ohm.Select(selectors)
-			// t.Logf("get tags: %v", tag)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for i := 0; i < threads_num; i++ {
-		wg_add_rm.Add(2)
-		go rmHandlers()
-		go addHandlers()
-		wg_get.Add(1)
-		go getTags()
-	}
-
-	time.Sleep(test_duration)
-	stop_add_rm = true
-	wg_add_rm.Wait()
-	stop_get = true
-	wg_get.Wait()
-}
--- a/app/proxyman/outbound/outbound.go
+++ b/app/proxyman/outbound/outbound.go
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ package outbound

 import (
 	"context"
-	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"

@@ -22,14 +21,12 @@ type Manager struct {
 	taggedHandler    map[string]outbound.Handler
 	untaggedHandlers []outbound.Handler
 	running          bool
-	tagsCache        *sync.Map
 }

 // New creates a new Manager.
 func New(ctx context.Context, config *proxyman.OutboundConfig) (*Manager, error) {
 	m := &Manager{
 		taggedHandler: make(map[string]outbound.Handler),
-		tagsCache:     &sync.Map{},
 	}
 	return m, nil
 }
@@ -106,8 +103,6 @@ func (m *Manager) AddHandler(ctx context.Context, handler outbound.Handler) erro
 	m.access.Lock()
 	defer m.access.Unlock()

-	m.tagsCache = &sync.Map{}
-
 	if m.defaultHandler == nil {
 		m.defaultHandler = handler
 	}
@@ -137,8 +132,6 @@ func (m *Manager) RemoveHandler(ctx context.Context, tag string) error {
 	m.access.Lock()
 	defer m.access.Unlock()

-	m.tagsCache = &sync.Map{}
-
 	delete(m.taggedHandler, tag)
 	if m.defaultHandler != nil && m.defaultHandler.Tag() == tag {
 		m.defaultHandler = nil
@@ -149,29 +142,24 @@ func (m *Manager) RemoveHandler(ctx context.Context, tag string) error {

 // Select implements outbound.HandlerSelector.
 func (m *Manager) Select(selectors []string) []string {
-
-	key := strings.Join(selectors, ",")
-	if cache, ok := m.tagsCache.Load(key); ok {
-		return cache.([]string)
-	}
-
 	m.access.RLock()
 	defer m.access.RUnlock()

 	tags := make([]string, 0, len(selectors))

 	for tag := range m.taggedHandler {
+		match := false
 		for _, selector := range selectors {
 			if strings.HasPrefix(tag, selector) {
-				tags = append(tags, tag)
+				match = true
 				break
 			}
 		}
+		if match {
+			tags = append(tags, tag)
+		}
 	}

-	sort.Strings(tags)
-	m.tagsCache.Store(key, tags)
-
 	return tags
 }

--- a/app/proxyman/outbound/uot.go
+++ b/app/proxyman/outbound/uot.go
@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@ import (
 )

 func (h *Handler) getUoTConnection(ctx context.Context, dest net.Destination) (stat.Connection, error) {
-	if dest.Address == nil {
-		return nil, newError("nil destination address")
-	}
 	if !dest.Address.Family().IsDomain() {
 		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
 	}
--- a/app/reverse/bridge.go
+++ b/app/reverse/bridge.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/mux"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/net"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/session"
@@ -11,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/routing"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/transport"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/transport/pipe"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 )

 // Bridge is a component in reverse proxy, that relays connections from Portal to local address.
--- a/app/reverse/config.pb.go
+++ b/app/reverse/config.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: app/reverse/config.proto

 package reverse
--- a/app/reverse/portal.go
+++ b/app/reverse/portal.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/buf"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/mux"
@@ -14,7 +15,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/outbound"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/transport"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/transport/pipe"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 )

 type Portal struct {
@@ -62,13 +62,12 @@ func (p *Portal) Close() error {
 }

 func (p *Portal) HandleConnection(ctx context.Context, link *transport.Link) error {
-	outbounds := session.OutboundsFromContext(ctx)
-	ob := outbounds[len(outbounds) - 1]
-	if ob == nil {
+	outboundMeta := session.OutboundFromContext(ctx)
+	if outboundMeta == nil {
 		return newError("outbound metadata not found").AtError()
 	}

-	if isDomain(ob.Target, p.domain) {
+	if isDomain(outboundMeta.Target, p.domain) {
 		muxClient, err := mux.NewClientWorker(*link, mux.ClientStrategy{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return newError("failed to create mux client worker").Base(err).AtWarning()
@@ -207,10 +206,9 @@ func NewPortalWorker(client *mux.ClientWorker) (*PortalWorker, error) {
 	downlinkReader, downlinkWriter := pipe.New(opt...)

 	ctx := context.Background()
-	outbounds := []*session.Outbound{{
+	ctx = session.ContextWithOutbound(ctx, &session.Outbound{
 		Target: net.UDPDestination(net.DomainAddress(internalDomain), 0),
-	}}
-	ctx = session.ContextWithOutbounds(ctx, outbounds)
+	})
 	f := client.Dispatch(ctx, &transport.Link{
 		Reader: uplinkReader,
 		Writer: downlinkWriter,
--- a/app/router/balancing.go
+++ b/app/router/balancing.go
@@ -2,11 +2,8 @@ package router

 import (
 	"context"
-	sync "sync"

-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/observatory"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/core"
+	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/dice"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/extension"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/outbound"
 )
@@ -15,103 +12,34 @@ type BalancingStrategy interface {
 	PickOutbound([]string) string
 }

-type BalancingPrincipleTarget interface {
-	GetPrincipleTarget([]string) []string
-}
-
-type RoundRobinStrategy struct {
-	FallbackTag string
-
-	ctx         context.Context
-	observatory extension.Observatory
-	mu    sync.Mutex
-	index int
-}
-
-func (s *RoundRobinStrategy) InjectContext(ctx context.Context) {
-	s.ctx = ctx
-}
-
-func (s *RoundRobinStrategy) GetPrincipleTarget(strings []string) []string {
-	return strings
-}
-
-func (s *RoundRobinStrategy) PickOutbound(tags []string) string {
-	if len(s.FallbackTag) > 0 && s.observatory == nil {
-		common.Must(core.RequireFeatures(s.ctx, func(observatory extension.Observatory) error {
-			s.observatory = observatory
-			return nil
-		}))
-	}
-	if s.observatory != nil {
-		observeReport, err := s.observatory.GetObservation(s.ctx)
-		if err == nil {
-			aliveTags := make([]string, 0)
-			if result, ok := observeReport.(*observatory.ObservationResult); ok {
-				status := result.Status
-				statusMap := make(map[string]*observatory.OutboundStatus)
-				for _, outboundStatus := range status {
-					statusMap[outboundStatus.OutboundTag] = outboundStatus
-				}
-				for _, candidate := range tags {
-					if outboundStatus, found := statusMap[candidate]; found {
-						if outboundStatus.Alive {
-							aliveTags = append(aliveTags, candidate)
-						}
-					} else {
-						// unfound candidate is considered alive
-						aliveTags = append(aliveTags, candidate)
-					}
-				}
-				tags = aliveTags
-			}
-		}
-	}
+type RandomStrategy struct{}

+func (s *RandomStrategy) PickOutbound(tags []string) string {
 	n := len(tags)
 	if n == 0 {
-		// goes to fallbackTag
-		return ""
+		panic("0 tags")
 	}

-	s.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-	tag := tags[s.index%n]
-	s.index = (s.index + 1) % n
-	return tag
+	return tags[dice.Roll(n)]
 }

 type Balancer struct {
-	selectors   []string
-	strategy    BalancingStrategy
-	ohm         outbound.Manager
-	fallbackTag string
-
-	override override
+	selectors []string
+	strategy  BalancingStrategy
+	ohm       outbound.Manager
 }

-// PickOutbound picks the tag of a outbound
 func (b *Balancer) PickOutbound() (string, error) {
-	candidates, err := b.SelectOutbounds()
-	if err != nil {
-		if b.fallbackTag != "" {
-			newError("fallback to [", b.fallbackTag, "], due to error: ", err).AtInfo().WriteToLog()
-			return b.fallbackTag, nil
-		}
-		return "", err
+	hs, ok := b.ohm.(outbound.HandlerSelector)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", newError("outbound.Manager is not a HandlerSelector")
 	}
-	var tag string
-	if o := b.override.Get(); o != "" {
-		tag = o
-	} else {
-		tag = b.strategy.PickOutbound(candidates)
+	tags := hs.Select(b.selectors)
+	if len(tags) == 0 {
+		return "", newError("no available outbounds selected")
 	}
+	tag := b.strategy.PickOutbound(tags)
 	if tag == "" {
-		if b.fallbackTag != "" {
-			newError("fallback to [", b.fallbackTag, "], due to empty tag returned").AtInfo().WriteToLog()
-			return b.fallbackTag, nil
-		}
-		// will use default handler
 		return "", newError("balancing strategy returns empty tag")
 	}
 	return tag, nil
@@ -122,45 +50,3 @@ func (b *Balancer) InjectContext(ctx context.Context) {
 		contextReceiver.InjectContext(ctx)
 	}
 }
-
-// SelectOutbounds select outbounds with selectors of the Balancer
-func (b *Balancer) SelectOutbounds() ([]string, error) {
-	hs, ok := b.ohm.(outbound.HandlerSelector)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, newError("outbound.Manager is not a HandlerSelector")
-	}
-	tags := hs.Select(b.selectors)
-	return tags, nil
-}
-
-// GetPrincipleTarget implements routing.BalancerPrincipleTarget
-func (r *Router) GetPrincipleTarget(tag string) ([]string, error) {
-	if b, ok := r.balancers[tag]; ok {
-		if s, ok := b.strategy.(BalancingPrincipleTarget); ok {
-			candidates, err := b.SelectOutbounds()
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, newError("unable to select outbounds").Base(err)
-			}
-			return s.GetPrincipleTarget(candidates), nil
-		}
-		return nil, newError("unsupported GetPrincipleTarget")
-	}
-	return nil, newError("cannot find tag")
-}
-
-// SetOverrideTarget implements routing.BalancerOverrider
-func (r *Router) SetOverrideTarget(tag, target string) error {
-	if b, ok := r.balancers[tag]; ok {
-		b.override.Put(target)
-		return nil
-	}
-	return newError("cannot find tag")
-}
-
-// GetOverrideTarget implements routing.BalancerOverrider
-func (r *Router) GetOverrideTarget(tag string) (string, error) {
-	if b, ok := r.balancers[tag]; ok {
-		return b.override.Get(), nil
-	}
-	return "", newError("cannot find tag")
-}
--- a/app/router/balancing_override.go
+++ b/app/router/balancing_override.go
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-package router
-
-import (
-	sync "sync"
-)
-
-func (r *Router) OverrideBalancer(balancer string, target string) error {
-	var b *Balancer
-	for tag, bl := range r.balancers {
-		if tag == balancer {
-			b = bl
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	if b == nil {
-		return newError("balancer '", balancer, "' not found")
-	}
-	b.override.Put(target)
-	return nil
-}
-
-type overrideSettings struct {
-	target string
-}
-
-type override struct {
-	access   sync.RWMutex
-	settings overrideSettings
-}
-
-// Get gets the override settings
-func (o *override) Get() string {
-	o.access.RLock()
-	defer o.access.RUnlock()
-	return o.settings.target
-}
-
-// Put updates the override settings
-func (o *override) Put(target string) {
-	o.access.Lock()
-	defer o.access.Unlock()
-	o.settings.target = target
-}
-
-// Clear clears the override settings
-func (o *override) Clear() {
-	o.access.Lock()
-	defer o.access.Unlock()
-	o.settings.target = ""
-}
--- a/app/router/command/command.go
+++ b/app/router/command/command.go
@@ -19,55 +19,6 @@ type routingServer struct {
 	routingStats stats.Channel
 }

-func (s *routingServer) GetBalancerInfo(ctx context.Context, request *GetBalancerInfoRequest) (*GetBalancerInfoResponse, error) {
-	var ret GetBalancerInfoResponse
-	ret.Balancer = &BalancerMsg{}
-	if bo, ok := s.router.(routing.BalancerOverrider); ok {
-		{
-			res, err := bo.GetOverrideTarget(request.GetTag())
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			ret.Balancer.Override = &OverrideInfo{
-				Target: res,
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if pt, ok := s.router.(routing.BalancerPrincipleTarget); ok {
-		{
-			res, err := pt.GetPrincipleTarget(request.GetTag())
-			if err != nil {
-				newError("unable to obtain principle target").Base(err).AtInfo().WriteToLog()
-			} else {
-				ret.Balancer.PrincipleTarget = &PrincipleTargetInfo{Tag: res}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return &ret, nil
-}
-
-func (s *routingServer) OverrideBalancerTarget(ctx context.Context, request *OverrideBalancerTargetRequest) (*OverrideBalancerTargetResponse, error) {
-	if bo, ok := s.router.(routing.BalancerOverrider); ok {
-		return &OverrideBalancerTargetResponse{}, bo.SetOverrideTarget(request.BalancerTag, request.Target)
-	}
-	return nil, newError("unsupported router implementation")
-}
-
-func (s *routingServer) AddRule(ctx context.Context, request *AddRuleRequest) (*AddRuleResponse, error) {
-	if bo, ok := s.router.(routing.Router); ok {
-		return &AddRuleResponse{}, bo.AddRule(request.Config, request.ShouldAppend)
-	}
-	return nil, newError("unsupported router implementation")
-
-}
-func (s *routingServer) RemoveRule(ctx context.Context, request *RemoveRuleRequest) (*RemoveRuleResponse, error) {
-	if bo, ok := s.router.(routing.Router); ok {
-		return &RemoveRuleResponse{}, bo.RemoveRule(request.RuleTag)
-	}
-	return nil, newError("unsupported router implementation")
-}
-
 // NewRoutingServer creates a statistics service with statistics manager.
 func NewRoutingServer(router routing.Router, routingStats stats.Channel) RoutingServiceServer {
 	return &routingServer{
--- a/app/router/command/command.pb.go
+++ b/app/router/command/command.pb.go
--- a/app/router/command/command.proto
+++ b/app/router/command/command.proto
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ option java_package = "com.xray.app.router.command";
 option java_multiple_files = true;

 import "common/net/network.proto";
-import "common/serial/typed_message.proto";

 // RoutingContext is the context with information relative to routing process.
 // It conforms to the structure of xray.features.routing.Context and
@@ -61,56 +60,10 @@ message TestRouteRequest {
  bool PublishResult = 3;
 }

-message PrincipleTargetInfo {
-  repeated string tag = 1;
-}
-
-message OverrideInfo {
-  string target = 2;
-}
-
-message BalancerMsg {
-  OverrideInfo override = 5;
-  PrincipleTargetInfo principle_target = 6;
-}
-
-message GetBalancerInfoRequest {
-  string tag = 1;
-}
-
-message GetBalancerInfoResponse {
-  BalancerMsg balancer = 1;
-}
-
-message OverrideBalancerTargetRequest {
-  string balancerTag = 1;
-  string target = 2;
-}
-
-message OverrideBalancerTargetResponse {}
-
-message AddRuleRequest {
-  xray.common.serial.TypedMessage config = 1;
-  bool shouldAppend = 2;
-}
-message AddRuleResponse {}
-
-message RemoveRuleRequest {
-  string ruleTag = 1;
-}
-
-message RemoveRuleResponse {}
-
 service RoutingService {
  rpc SubscribeRoutingStats(SubscribeRoutingStatsRequest)
      returns (stream RoutingContext) {}
  rpc TestRoute(TestRouteRequest) returns (RoutingContext) {}
-
-  rpc GetBalancerInfo(GetBalancerInfoRequest) returns (GetBalancerInfoResponse){}
-  rpc OverrideBalancerTarget(OverrideBalancerTargetRequest) returns (OverrideBalancerTargetResponse) {}
-  
-  rpc AddRule(AddRuleRequest) returns (AddRuleResponse) {}
-  rpc RemoveRule(RemoveRuleRequest) returns (RemoveRuleResponse) {}
 }

 message Config {}
--- a/app/router/command/command_grpc.pb.go
+++ b/app/router/command/command_grpc.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go-grpc. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.3.0
-// - protoc             v4.23.1
+// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.2.0
+// - protoc             v3.21.12
 // source: app/router/command/command.proto

 package command
@@ -18,25 +18,12 @@ import (
 // Requires gRPC-Go v1.32.0 or later.
 const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion7

-const (
-	RoutingService_SubscribeRoutingStats_FullMethodName  = "/xray.app.router.command.RoutingService/SubscribeRoutingStats"
-	RoutingService_TestRoute_FullMethodName              = "/xray.app.router.command.RoutingService/TestRoute"
-	RoutingService_GetBalancerInfo_FullMethodName        = "/xray.app.router.command.RoutingService/GetBalancerInfo"
-	RoutingService_OverrideBalancerTarget_FullMethodName = "/xray.app.router.command.RoutingService/OverrideBalancerTarget"
-	RoutingService_AddRule_FullMethodName                = "/xray.app.router.command.RoutingService/AddRule"
-	RoutingService_RemoveRule_FullMethodName             = "/xray.app.router.command.RoutingService/RemoveRule"
-)
-
 // RoutingServiceClient is the client API for RoutingService service.
 //
 // For semantics around ctx use and closing/ending streaming RPCs, please refer to https://pkg.go.dev/google.golang.org/grpc/?tab=doc#ClientConn.NewStream.
 type RoutingServiceClient interface {
 	SubscribeRoutingStats(ctx context.Context, in *SubscribeRoutingStatsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (RoutingService_SubscribeRoutingStatsClient, error)
 	TestRoute(ctx context.Context, in *TestRouteRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RoutingContext, error)
-	GetBalancerInfo(ctx context.Context, in *GetBalancerInfoRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetBalancerInfoResponse, error)
-	OverrideBalancerTarget(ctx context.Context, in *OverrideBalancerTargetRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*OverrideBalancerTargetResponse, error)
-	AddRule(ctx context.Context, in *AddRuleRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AddRuleResponse, error)
-	RemoveRule(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveRuleRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RemoveRuleResponse, error)
 }

 type routingServiceClient struct {
@@ -48,7 +35,7 @@ func NewRoutingServiceClient(cc grpc.ClientConnInterface) RoutingServiceClient {
 }

 func (c *routingServiceClient) SubscribeRoutingStats(ctx context.Context, in *SubscribeRoutingStatsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (RoutingService_SubscribeRoutingStatsClient, error) {
-	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &RoutingService_ServiceDesc.Streams[0], RoutingService_SubscribeRoutingStats_FullMethodName, opts...)
+	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &RoutingService_ServiceDesc.Streams[0], "/xray.app.router.command.RoutingService/SubscribeRoutingStats", opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -81,43 +68,7 @@ func (x *routingServiceSubscribeRoutingStatsClient) Recv() (*RoutingContext, err

 func (c *routingServiceClient) TestRoute(ctx context.Context, in *TestRouteRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RoutingContext, error) {
 	out := new(RoutingContext)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, RoutingService_TestRoute_FullMethodName, in, out, opts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func (c *routingServiceClient) GetBalancerInfo(ctx context.Context, in *GetBalancerInfoRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetBalancerInfoResponse, error) {
-	out := new(GetBalancerInfoResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, RoutingService_GetBalancerInfo_FullMethodName, in, out, opts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func (c *routingServiceClient) OverrideBalancerTarget(ctx context.Context, in *OverrideBalancerTargetRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*OverrideBalancerTargetResponse, error) {
-	out := new(OverrideBalancerTargetResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, RoutingService_OverrideBalancerTarget_FullMethodName, in, out, opts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func (c *routingServiceClient) AddRule(ctx context.Context, in *AddRuleRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AddRuleResponse, error) {
-	out := new(AddRuleResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, RoutingService_AddRule_FullMethodName, in, out, opts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func (c *routingServiceClient) RemoveRule(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveRuleRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RemoveRuleResponse, error) {
-	out := new(RemoveRuleResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, RoutingService_RemoveRule_FullMethodName, in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/xray.app.router.command.RoutingService/TestRoute", in, out, opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -130,10 +81,6 @@ func (c *routingServiceClient) RemoveRule(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveRuleReq
 type RoutingServiceServer interface {
 	SubscribeRoutingStats(*SubscribeRoutingStatsRequest, RoutingService_SubscribeRoutingStatsServer) error
 	TestRoute(context.Context, *TestRouteRequest) (*RoutingContext, error)
-	GetBalancerInfo(context.Context, *GetBalancerInfoRequest) (*GetBalancerInfoResponse, error)
-	OverrideBalancerTarget(context.Context, *OverrideBalancerTargetRequest) (*OverrideBalancerTargetResponse, error)
-	AddRule(context.Context, *AddRuleRequest) (*AddRuleResponse, error)
-	RemoveRule(context.Context, *RemoveRuleRequest) (*RemoveRuleResponse, error)
 	mustEmbedUnimplementedRoutingServiceServer()
 }

@@ -147,18 +94,6 @@ func (UnimplementedRoutingServiceServer) SubscribeRoutingStats(*SubscribeRouting
 func (UnimplementedRoutingServiceServer) TestRoute(context.Context, *TestRouteRequest) (*RoutingContext, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method TestRoute not implemented")
 }
-func (UnimplementedRoutingServiceServer) GetBalancerInfo(context.Context, *GetBalancerInfoRequest) (*GetBalancerInfoResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetBalancerInfo not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedRoutingServiceServer) OverrideBalancerTarget(context.Context, *OverrideBalancerTargetRequest) (*OverrideBalancerTargetResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method OverrideBalancerTarget not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedRoutingServiceServer) AddRule(context.Context, *AddRuleRequest) (*AddRuleResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method AddRule not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedRoutingServiceServer) RemoveRule(context.Context, *RemoveRuleRequest) (*RemoveRuleResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method RemoveRule not implemented")
-}
 func (UnimplementedRoutingServiceServer) mustEmbedUnimplementedRoutingServiceServer() {}

 // UnsafeRoutingServiceServer may be embedded to opt out of forward compatibility for this service.
@@ -203,7 +138,7 @@ func _RoutingService_TestRoute_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: RoutingService_TestRoute_FullMethodName,
+		FullMethod: "/xray.app.router.command.RoutingService/TestRoute",
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(RoutingServiceServer).TestRoute(ctx, req.(*TestRouteRequest))
@@ -211,78 +146,6 @@ func _RoutingService_TestRoute_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }

-func _RoutingService_GetBalancerInfo_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(GetBalancerInfoRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(RoutingServiceServer).GetBalancerInfo(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: RoutingService_GetBalancerInfo_FullMethodName,
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(RoutingServiceServer).GetBalancerInfo(ctx, req.(*GetBalancerInfoRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
-func _RoutingService_OverrideBalancerTarget_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(OverrideBalancerTargetRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(RoutingServiceServer).OverrideBalancerTarget(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: RoutingService_OverrideBalancerTarget_FullMethodName,
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(RoutingServiceServer).OverrideBalancerTarget(ctx, req.(*OverrideBalancerTargetRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
-func _RoutingService_AddRule_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(AddRuleRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(RoutingServiceServer).AddRule(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: RoutingService_AddRule_FullMethodName,
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(RoutingServiceServer).AddRule(ctx, req.(*AddRuleRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
-func _RoutingService_RemoveRule_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(RemoveRuleRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(RoutingServiceServer).RemoveRule(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: RoutingService_RemoveRule_FullMethodName,
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(RoutingServiceServer).RemoveRule(ctx, req.(*RemoveRuleRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
 // RoutingService_ServiceDesc is the grpc.ServiceDesc for RoutingService service.
 // It's only intended for direct use with grpc.RegisterService,
 // and not to be introspected or modified (even as a copy)
@@ -294,22 +157,6 @@ var RoutingService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "TestRoute",
 			Handler:    _RoutingService_TestRoute_Handler,
 		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "GetBalancerInfo",
-			Handler:    _RoutingService_GetBalancerInfo_Handler,
-		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "OverrideBalancerTarget",
-			Handler:    _RoutingService_OverrideBalancerTarget_Handler,
-		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "AddRule",
-			Handler:    _RoutingService_AddRule_Handler,
-		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "RemoveRule",
-			Handler:    _RoutingService_RemoveRule_Handler,
-		},
 	},
 	Streams: []grpc.StreamDesc{
 		{
--- a/app/router/command/command_test.go
+++ b/app/router/command/command_test.go
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/routing"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/testing/mocks"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/test/bufconn"
 )

@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ func TestServiceSubscribeRoutingStats(t *testing.T) {
 	// Client goroutine
 	go func() {
 		defer lis.Close()
-		conn, err := grpc.DialContext(context.Background(), "bufnet", grpc.WithContextDialer(bufDialer), grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+		conn, err := grpc.DialContext(context.Background(), "bufnet", grpc.WithContextDialer(bufDialer), grpc.WithInsecure())
 		if err != nil {
 			errCh <- err
 			return
@@ -215,7 +214,7 @@ func TestServiceSubscribeSubsetOfFields(t *testing.T) {
 	// Client goroutine
 	go func() {
 		defer lis.Close()
-		conn, err := grpc.DialContext(context.Background(), "bufnet", grpc.WithContextDialer(bufDialer), grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+		conn, err := grpc.DialContext(context.Background(), "bufnet", grpc.WithContextDialer(bufDialer), grpc.WithInsecure())
 		if err != nil {
 			errCh <- err
 			return
@@ -319,7 +318,7 @@ func TestSerivceTestRoute(t *testing.T) {
 				TargetTag: &router.RoutingRule_Tag{Tag: "out"},
 			},
 		},
-	}, mocks.NewDNSClient(mockCtl), mocks.NewOutboundManager(mockCtl), nil))
+	}, mocks.NewDNSClient(mockCtl), mocks.NewOutboundManager(mockCtl)))

 	lis := bufconn.Listen(1024 * 1024)
 	bufDialer := func(context.Context, string) (net.Conn, error) {
@@ -338,7 +337,7 @@ func TestSerivceTestRoute(t *testing.T) {
 	// Client goroutine
 	go func() {
 		defer lis.Close()
-		conn, err := grpc.DialContext(context.Background(), "bufnet", grpc.WithContextDialer(bufDialer), grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+		conn, err := grpc.DialContext(context.Background(), "bufnet", grpc.WithContextDialer(bufDialer), grpc.WithInsecure())
 		if err != nil {
 			errCh <- err
 		}
--- a/app/router/condition.go
+++ b/app/router/condition.go
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 package router

 import (
-	"regexp"
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/net"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/strmatcher"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/routing"
+	"go.starlark.net/starlark"
+	"go.starlark.net/syntax"
 )

 type Condition interface {
@@ -283,22 +284,44 @@ func (m *ProtocolMatcher) Apply(ctx routing.Context) bool {
 }

 type AttributeMatcher struct {
-	configuredKeys map[string]*regexp.Regexp
+	program *starlark.Program
+}
+
+func NewAttributeMatcher(code string) (*AttributeMatcher, error) {
+	starFile, err := syntax.Parse("attr.star", "satisfied=("+code+")", 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, newError("attr rule").Base(err)
+	}
+	p, err := starlark.FileProgram(starFile, func(name string) bool {
+		return name == "attrs"
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &AttributeMatcher{
+		program: p,
+	}, nil
 }

 // Match implements attributes matching.
 func (m *AttributeMatcher) Match(attrs map[string]string) bool {
-	// header keys are case insensitive most likely. So we do a convert
-	httpHeaders := make(map[string]string)
+	attrsDict := new(starlark.Dict)
 	for key, value := range attrs {
-		httpHeaders[strings.ToLower(key)] = value
+		attrsDict.SetKey(starlark.String(key), starlark.String(value))
 	}
-	for key, regex := range m.configuredKeys {
-		if a, ok := httpHeaders[key]; !ok || !regex.MatchString(a) {
-			return false
-		}
+
+	predefined := make(starlark.StringDict)
+	predefined["attrs"] = attrsDict
+
+	thread := &starlark.Thread{
+		Name: "matcher",
 	}
-	return true
+	results, err := m.program.Init(thread, predefined)
+	if err != nil {
+		newError("attr matcher").Base(err).WriteToLog()
+	}
+	satisfied := results["satisfied"]
+	return satisfied != nil && bool(satisfied.Truth())
 }

 // Apply implements Condition.
--- a/app/router/condition_geoip.go
+++ b/app/router/condition_geoip.go
@@ -1,49 +1,81 @@
 package router

 import (
-	"net/netip"
-	"strconv"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"sort"

 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/net"
-	"go4.org/netipx"
 )

+type ipv6 struct {
+	a uint64
+	b uint64
+}
+
 type GeoIPMatcher struct {
 	countryCode  string
 	reverseMatch bool
-	ip4          *netipx.IPSet
-	ip6          *netipx.IPSet
+	ip4          []uint32
+	prefix4      []uint8
+	ip6          []ipv6
+	prefix6      []uint8
+}
+
+func normalize4(ip uint32, prefix uint8) uint32 {
+	return (ip >> (32 - prefix)) << (32 - prefix)
+}
+
+func normalize6(ip ipv6, prefix uint8) ipv6 {
+	if prefix <= 64 {
+		ip.a = (ip.a >> (64 - prefix)) << (64 - prefix)
+		ip.b = 0
+	} else {
+		ip.b = (ip.b >> (128 - prefix)) << (128 - prefix)
+	}
+	return ip
 }

 func (m *GeoIPMatcher) Init(cidrs []*CIDR) error {
-	var builder4, builder6 netipx.IPSetBuilder
+	ip4Count := 0
+	ip6Count := 0

 	for _, cidr := range cidrs {
-		ip := net.IP(cidr.GetIp())
-		ipPrefixString := ip.String() + "/" + strconv.Itoa(int(cidr.GetPrefix()))
-		ipPrefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(ipPrefixString)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
+		ip := cidr.Ip
 		switch len(ip) {
-		case net.IPv4len:
-			builder4.AddPrefix(ipPrefix)
-		case net.IPv6len:
-			builder6.AddPrefix(ipPrefix)
+		case 4:
+			ip4Count++
+		case 16:
+			ip6Count++
+		default:
+			return newError("unexpect ip length: ", len(ip))
 		}
 	}

-	if ip4, err := builder4.IPSet(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	} else {
-		m.ip4 = ip4
-	}
+	cidrList := CIDRList(cidrs)
+	sort.Sort(&cidrList)

-	if ip6, err := builder6.IPSet(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	} else {
-		m.ip6 = ip6
+	m.ip4 = make([]uint32, 0, ip4Count)
+	m.prefix4 = make([]uint8, 0, ip4Count)
+	m.ip6 = make([]ipv6, 0, ip6Count)
+	m.prefix6 = make([]uint8, 0, ip6Count)
+
+	for _, cidr := range cidrList {
+		ip := cidr.Ip
+		prefix := uint8(cidr.Prefix)
+		switch len(ip) {
+		case 4:
+			m.ip4 = append(m.ip4, normalize4(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(ip), prefix))
+			m.prefix4 = append(m.prefix4, prefix)
+		case 16:
+			ip6 := ipv6{
+				a: binary.BigEndian.Uint64(ip[0:8]),
+				b: binary.BigEndian.Uint64(ip[8:16]),
+			}
+			ip6 = normalize6(ip6, prefix)
+
+			m.ip6 = append(m.ip6, ip6)
+			m.prefix6 = append(m.prefix6, prefix)
+		}
 	}

 	return nil
@@ -53,37 +85,91 @@ func (m *GeoIPMatcher) SetReverseMatch(isReverseMatch bool) {
 	m.reverseMatch = isReverseMatch
 }

-func (m *GeoIPMatcher) match4(ip net.IP) bool {
-	nip, ok := netipx.FromStdIP(ip)
-	if !ok {
+func (m *GeoIPMatcher) match4(ip uint32) bool {
+	if len(m.ip4) == 0 {
 		return false
 	}

-	return m.ip4.Contains(nip)
+	if ip < m.ip4[0] {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	size := uint32(len(m.ip4))
+	l := uint32(0)
+	r := size
+	for l < r {
+		x := ((l + r) >> 1)
+		if ip < m.ip4[x] {
+			r = x
+			continue
+		}
+
+		nip := normalize4(ip, m.prefix4[x])
+		if nip == m.ip4[x] {
+			return true
+		}
+
+		l = x + 1
+	}
+
+	return l > 0 && normalize4(ip, m.prefix4[l-1]) == m.ip4[l-1]
 }

-func (m *GeoIPMatcher) match6(ip net.IP) bool {
-	nip, ok := netipx.FromStdIP(ip)
-	if !ok {
+func less6(a ipv6, b ipv6) bool {
+	return a.a < b.a || (a.a == b.a && a.b < b.b)
+}
+
+func (m *GeoIPMatcher) match6(ip ipv6) bool {
+	if len(m.ip6) == 0 {
 		return false
 	}

-	return m.ip6.Contains(nip)
+	if less6(ip, m.ip6[0]) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	size := uint32(len(m.ip6))
+	l := uint32(0)
+	r := size
+	for l < r {
+		x := (l + r) / 2
+		if less6(ip, m.ip6[x]) {
+			r = x
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if normalize6(ip, m.prefix6[x]) == m.ip6[x] {
+			return true
+		}
+
+		l = x + 1
+	}
+
+	return l > 0 && normalize6(ip, m.prefix6[l-1]) == m.ip6[l-1]
 }

 // Match returns true if the given ip is included by the GeoIP.
 func (m *GeoIPMatcher) Match(ip net.IP) bool {
-	isMatched := false
 	switch len(ip) {
-	case net.IPv4len:
-		isMatched = m.match4(ip)
-	case net.IPv6len:
-		isMatched = m.match6(ip)
+	case 4:
+		if m.reverseMatch {
+			return !m.match4(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(ip))
+		}
+		return m.match4(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(ip))
+	case 16:
+		if m.reverseMatch {
+			return !m.match6(ipv6{
+				a: binary.BigEndian.Uint64(ip[0:8]),
+				b: binary.BigEndian.Uint64(ip[8:16]),
+			})
+		}
+		return m.match6(ipv6{
+			a: binary.BigEndian.Uint64(ip[0:8]),
+			b: binary.BigEndian.Uint64(ip[8:16]),
+		})
+	default:
+		return false
 	}
-	if m.reverseMatch {
-		return !isMatched
-	}
-	return isMatched
 }

 // GeoIPMatcherContainer is a container for GeoIPMatchers. It keeps unique copies of GeoIPMatcher by country code.
--- a/app/router/condition_geoip_test.go
+++ b/app/router/condition_geoip_test.go
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"

+	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/router"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/net"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/platform"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/platform/filesystem"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 )

 func init() {
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func TestGeoIPMatcherContainer(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestGeoIPMatcher(t *testing.T) {
-	cidrList := []*router.CIDR{
+	cidrList := router.CIDRList{
 		{Ip: []byte{0, 0, 0, 0}, Prefix: 8},
 		{Ip: []byte{10, 0, 0, 0}, Prefix: 8},
 		{Ip: []byte{100, 64, 0, 0}, Prefix: 10},
@@ -124,40 +124,8 @@ func TestGeoIPMatcher(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestGeoIPMatcherRegression(t *testing.T) {
-	cidrList := []*router.CIDR{
-		{Ip: []byte{98, 108, 20, 0}, Prefix: 22},
-		{Ip: []byte{98, 108, 20, 0}, Prefix: 23},
-	}
-
-	matcher := &router.GeoIPMatcher{}
-	common.Must(matcher.Init(cidrList))
-
-	testCases := []struct {
-		Input  string
-		Output bool
-	}{
-		{
-			Input:  "98.108.22.11",
-			Output: true,
-		},
-		{
-			Input:  "98.108.25.0",
-			Output: false,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, testCase := range testCases {
-		ip := net.ParseAddress(testCase.Input).IP()
-		actual := matcher.Match(ip)
-		if actual != testCase.Output {
-			t.Error("expect input", testCase.Input, "to be", testCase.Output, ", but actually", actual)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestGeoIPReverseMatcher(t *testing.T) {
-	cidrList := []*router.CIDR{
+	cidrList := router.CIDRList{
 		{Ip: []byte{8, 8, 8, 8}, Prefix: 32},
 		{Ip: []byte{91, 108, 4, 0}, Prefix: 16},
 	}
--- a/app/router/condition_test.go
+++ b/app/router/condition_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"testing"

+	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
 	. "github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/router"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/errors"
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/session"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/routing"
 	routing_session "github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/routing/session"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 )

 func init() {
@@ -307,10 +307,8 @@ func TestRoutingRule(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			rule: &RoutingRule{
-				Protocol: []string{"http"},
-				Attributes: map[string]string{
-					":path": "/test",
-				},
+				Protocol:   []string{"http"},
+				Attributes: "attrs[':path'].startswith('/test')",
 			},
 			test: []ruleTest{
 				{
@@ -319,19 +317,6 @@ func TestRoutingRule(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 		},
-		{
-			rule: &RoutingRule{
-				Attributes: map[string]string{
-					"Custom": "p([a-z]+)ch",
-				},
-			},
-			test: []ruleTest{
-				{
-					input:  withContent(&session.Content{Attributes: map[string]string{"custom": "peach"}}),
-					output: true,
-				},
-			},
-		},
 	}

 	for _, test := range cases {
--- a/app/router/config.go
+++ b/app/router/config.go
@@ -1,17 +1,52 @@
 package router

 import (
-	"regexp"
-	"strings"
-
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/net"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/outbound"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/routing"
 )

+// CIDRList is an alias of []*CIDR to provide sort.Interface.
+type CIDRList []*CIDR
+
+// Len implements sort.Interface.
+func (l *CIDRList) Len() int {
+	return len(*l)
+}
+
+// Less implements sort.Interface.
+func (l *CIDRList) Less(i int, j int) bool {
+	ci := (*l)[i]
+	cj := (*l)[j]
+
+	if len(ci.Ip) < len(cj.Ip) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if len(ci.Ip) > len(cj.Ip) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for k := 0; k < len(ci.Ip); k++ {
+		if ci.Ip[k] < cj.Ip[k] {
+			return true
+		}
+
+		if ci.Ip[k] > cj.Ip[k] {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ci.Prefix < cj.Prefix
+}
+
+// Swap implements sort.Interface.
+func (l *CIDRList) Swap(i int, j int) {
+	(*l)[i], (*l)[j] = (*l)[j], (*l)[i]
+}
+
 type Rule struct {
 	Tag       string
-	RuleTag   string
 	Balancer  *Balancer
 	Condition Condition
 }
@@ -108,11 +143,11 @@ func (rr *RoutingRule) BuildCondition() (Condition, error) {
 	}

 	if len(rr.Attributes) > 0 {
-		configuredKeys := make(map[string]*regexp.Regexp)
-		for key, value := range rr.Attributes {
-			configuredKeys[strings.ToLower(key)] = regexp.MustCompile(value)
+		cond, err := NewAttributeMatcher(rr.Attributes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
 		}
-		conds.Add(&AttributeMatcher{configuredKeys})
+		conds.Add(cond)
 	}

 	if conds.Len() == 0 {
@@ -122,49 +157,22 @@ func (rr *RoutingRule) BuildCondition() (Condition, error) {
 	return conds, nil
 }

-// Build builds the balancing rule
-func (br *BalancingRule) Build(ohm outbound.Manager, dispatcher routing.Dispatcher) (*Balancer, error) {
-	switch strings.ToLower(br.Strategy) {
-	case "leastping":
+func (br *BalancingRule) Build(ohm outbound.Manager) (*Balancer, error) {
+	switch br.Strategy {
+	case "leastPing":
 		return &Balancer{
-			selectors:   br.OutboundSelector,
-			strategy:    &LeastPingStrategy{},
-			fallbackTag: br.FallbackTag,
-			ohm:         ohm,
-		}, nil
-	case "roundrobin":
-		return &Balancer{
-			selectors:   br.OutboundSelector,
-			strategy:    &RoundRobinStrategy{FallbackTag: br.FallbackTag},
-			fallbackTag: br.FallbackTag,
-			ohm:         ohm,
-		}, nil
-	case "leastload":
-		i, err := br.StrategySettings.GetInstance()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		s, ok := i.(*StrategyLeastLoadConfig)
-		if !ok {
-			return nil, newError("not a StrategyLeastLoadConfig").AtError()
-		}
-		leastLoadStrategy := NewLeastLoadStrategy(s)
-		return &Balancer{
-			selectors:   br.OutboundSelector,
-			ohm:         ohm,
-			fallbackTag: br.FallbackTag,
-			strategy:    leastLoadStrategy,
+			selectors: br.OutboundSelector,
+			strategy:  &LeastPingStrategy{},
+			ohm:       ohm,
 		}, nil
 	case "random":
 		fallthrough
-	case "":
-		return &Balancer{
-			selectors:   br.OutboundSelector,
-			ohm:         ohm,
-			fallbackTag: br.FallbackTag,
-			strategy:    &RandomStrategy{FallbackTag: br.FallbackTag},
-		}, nil
 	default:
-		return nil, newError("unrecognized balancer type")
+		return &Balancer{
+			selectors: br.OutboundSelector,
+			strategy:  &RandomStrategy{},
+			ohm:       ohm,
+		}, nil
+
 	}
 }
--- a/app/router/config.pb.go
+++ b/app/router/config.pb.go
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: app/router/config.proto

 package router

 import (
 	net "github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/net"
-	serial "github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/serial"
 	protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
 	protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
 	reflect "reflect"
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ func (x Config_DomainStrategy) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {

 // Deprecated: Use Config_DomainStrategy.Descriptor instead.
 func (Config_DomainStrategy) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_app_router_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{10, 0}
+	return file_app_router_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{8, 0}
 }

 // Domain for routing decision.
@@ -482,13 +481,12 @@ type RoutingRule struct {
 	//	*RoutingRule_Tag
 	//	*RoutingRule_BalancingTag
 	TargetTag isRoutingRule_TargetTag `protobuf_oneof:"target_tag"`
-	RuleTag   string                  `protobuf:"bytes,18,opt,name=rule_tag,json=ruleTag,proto3" json:"rule_tag,omitempty"`
 	// List of domains for target domain matching.
 	Domain []*Domain `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=domain,proto3" json:"domain,omitempty"`
 	// List of CIDRs for target IP address matching.
 	// Deprecated. Use geoip below.
 	//
-	// Deprecated: Marked as deprecated in app/router/config.proto.
+	// Deprecated: Do not use.
 	Cidr []*CIDR `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=cidr,proto3" json:"cidr,omitempty"`
 	// List of GeoIPs for target IP address matching. If this entry exists, the
 	// cidr above will have no effect. GeoIP fields with the same country code are
@@ -498,30 +496,30 @@ type RoutingRule struct {
 	// A range of port [from, to]. If the destination port is in this range, this
 	// rule takes effect. Deprecated. Use port_list.
 	//
-	// Deprecated: Marked as deprecated in app/router/config.proto.
+	// Deprecated: Do not use.
 	PortRange *net.PortRange `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=port_range,json=portRange,proto3" json:"port_range,omitempty"`
 	// List of ports.
 	PortList *net.PortList `protobuf:"bytes,14,opt,name=port_list,json=portList,proto3" json:"port_list,omitempty"`
 	// List of networks. Deprecated. Use networks.
 	//
-	// Deprecated: Marked as deprecated in app/router/config.proto.
+	// Deprecated: Do not use.
 	NetworkList *net.NetworkList `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=network_list,json=networkList,proto3" json:"network_list,omitempty"`
 	// List of networks for matching.
 	Networks []net.Network `protobuf:"varint,13,rep,packed,name=networks,proto3,enum=xray.common.net.Network" json:"networks,omitempty"`
 	// List of CIDRs for source IP address matching.
 	//
-	// Deprecated: Marked as deprecated in app/router/config.proto.
+	// Deprecated: Do not use.
 	SourceCidr []*CIDR `protobuf:"bytes,6,rep,name=source_cidr,json=sourceCidr,proto3" json:"source_cidr,omitempty"`
 	// List of GeoIPs for source IP address matching. If this entry exists, the
 	// source_cidr above will have no effect.
 	SourceGeoip []*GeoIP `protobuf:"bytes,11,rep,name=source_geoip,json=sourceGeoip,proto3" json:"source_geoip,omitempty"`
 	// List of ports for source port matching.
-	SourcePortList *net.PortList     `protobuf:"bytes,16,opt,name=source_port_list,json=sourcePortList,proto3" json:"source_port_list,omitempty"`
-	UserEmail      []string          `protobuf:"bytes,7,rep,name=user_email,json=userEmail,proto3" json:"user_email,omitempty"`
-	InboundTag     []string          `protobuf:"bytes,8,rep,name=inbound_tag,json=inboundTag,proto3" json:"inbound_tag,omitempty"`
-	Protocol       []string          `protobuf:"bytes,9,rep,name=protocol,proto3" json:"protocol,omitempty"`
-	Attributes     map[string]string `protobuf:"bytes,15,rep,name=attributes,proto3" json:"attributes,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
-	DomainMatcher  string            `protobuf:"bytes,17,opt,name=domain_matcher,json=domainMatcher,proto3" json:"domain_matcher,omitempty"`
+	SourcePortList *net.PortList `protobuf:"bytes,16,opt,name=source_port_list,json=sourcePortList,proto3" json:"source_port_list,omitempty"`
+	UserEmail      []string      `protobuf:"bytes,7,rep,name=user_email,json=userEmail,proto3" json:"user_email,omitempty"`
+	InboundTag     []string      `protobuf:"bytes,8,rep,name=inbound_tag,json=inboundTag,proto3" json:"inbound_tag,omitempty"`
+	Protocol       []string      `protobuf:"bytes,9,rep,name=protocol,proto3" json:"protocol,omitempty"`
+	Attributes     string        `protobuf:"bytes,15,opt,name=attributes,proto3" json:"attributes,omitempty"`
+	DomainMatcher  string        `protobuf:"bytes,17,opt,name=domain_matcher,json=domainMatcher,proto3" json:"domain_matcher,omitempty"`
 }

 func (x *RoutingRule) Reset() {
@@ -577,13 +575,6 @@ func (x *RoutingRule) GetBalancingTag() string {
 	return ""
 }

-func (x *RoutingRule) GetRuleTag() string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.RuleTag
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
 func (x *RoutingRule) GetDomain() []*Domain {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.Domain
@@ -591,7 +582,7 @@ func (x *RoutingRule) GetDomain() []*Domain {
 	return nil
 }

-// Deprecated: Marked as deprecated in app/router/config.proto.
+// Deprecated: Do not use.
 func (x *RoutingRule) GetCidr() []*CIDR {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.Cidr
@@ -606,7 +597,7 @@ func (x *RoutingRule) GetGeoip() []*GeoIP {
 	return nil
 }

-// Deprecated: Marked as deprecated in app/router/config.proto.
+// Deprecated: Do not use.
 func (x *RoutingRule) GetPortRange() *net.PortRange {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.PortRange
@@ -621,7 +612,7 @@ func (x *RoutingRule) GetPortList() *net.PortList {
 	return nil
 }

-// Deprecated: Marked as deprecated in app/router/config.proto.
+// Deprecated: Do not use.
 func (x *RoutingRule) GetNetworkList() *net.NetworkList {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.NetworkList
@@ -636,7 +627,7 @@ func (x *RoutingRule) GetNetworks() []net.Network {
 	return nil
 }

-// Deprecated: Marked as deprecated in app/router/config.proto.
+// Deprecated: Do not use.
 func (x *RoutingRule) GetSourceCidr() []*CIDR {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.SourceCidr
@@ -679,11 +670,11 @@ func (x *RoutingRule) GetProtocol() []string {
 	return nil
 }

-func (x *RoutingRule) GetAttributes() map[string]string {
+func (x *RoutingRule) GetAttributes() string {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.Attributes
 	}
-	return nil
+	return ""
 }

 func (x *RoutingRule) GetDomainMatcher() string {
@@ -716,11 +707,9 @@ type BalancingRule struct {
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields

-	Tag              string               `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=tag,proto3" json:"tag,omitempty"`
-	OutboundSelector []string             `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=outbound_selector,json=outboundSelector,proto3" json:"outbound_selector,omitempty"`
-	Strategy         string               `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=strategy,proto3" json:"strategy,omitempty"`
-	StrategySettings *serial.TypedMessage `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=strategy_settings,json=strategySettings,proto3" json:"strategy_settings,omitempty"`
-	FallbackTag      string               `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=fallback_tag,json=fallbackTag,proto3" json:"fallback_tag,omitempty"`
+	Tag              string   `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=tag,proto3" json:"tag,omitempty"`
+	OutboundSelector []string `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=outbound_selector,json=outboundSelector,proto3" json:"outbound_selector,omitempty"`
+	Strategy         string   `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=strategy,proto3" json:"strategy,omitempty"`
 }

 func (x *BalancingRule) Reset() {
@@ -776,167 +765,6 @@ func (x *BalancingRule) GetStrategy() string {
 	return ""
 }

-func (x *BalancingRule) GetStrategySettings() *serial.TypedMessage {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.StrategySettings
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (x *BalancingRule) GetFallbackTag() string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.FallbackTag
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-type StrategyWeight struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-
-	Regexp bool    `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=regexp,proto3" json:"regexp,omitempty"`
-	Match  string  `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=match,proto3" json:"match,omitempty"`
-	Value  float32 `protobuf:"fixed32,3,opt,name=value,proto3" json:"value,omitempty"`
-}
-
-func (x *StrategyWeight) Reset() {
-	*x = StrategyWeight{}
-	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[8]
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-	}
-}
-
-func (x *StrategyWeight) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*StrategyWeight) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *StrategyWeight) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[8]
-	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use StrategyWeight.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*StrategyWeight) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_app_router_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{8}
-}
-
-func (x *StrategyWeight) GetRegexp() bool {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Regexp
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func (x *StrategyWeight) GetMatch() string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Match
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-func (x *StrategyWeight) GetValue() float32 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Value
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-type StrategyLeastLoadConfig struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-
-	// weight settings
-	Costs []*StrategyWeight `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=costs,proto3" json:"costs,omitempty"`
-	// RTT baselines for selecting, int64 values of time.Duration
-	Baselines []int64 `protobuf:"varint,3,rep,packed,name=baselines,proto3" json:"baselines,omitempty"`
-	// expected nodes count to select
-	Expected int32 `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=expected,proto3" json:"expected,omitempty"`
-	// max acceptable rtt, filter away high delay nodes. default 0
-	MaxRTT int64 `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=maxRTT,proto3" json:"maxRTT,omitempty"`
-	// acceptable failure rate
-	Tolerance float32 `protobuf:"fixed32,6,opt,name=tolerance,proto3" json:"tolerance,omitempty"`
-}
-
-func (x *StrategyLeastLoadConfig) Reset() {
-	*x = StrategyLeastLoadConfig{}
-	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[9]
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-	}
-}
-
-func (x *StrategyLeastLoadConfig) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*StrategyLeastLoadConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *StrategyLeastLoadConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[9]
-	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use StrategyLeastLoadConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*StrategyLeastLoadConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_app_router_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{9}
-}
-
-func (x *StrategyLeastLoadConfig) GetCosts() []*StrategyWeight {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Costs
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (x *StrategyLeastLoadConfig) GetBaselines() []int64 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Baselines
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (x *StrategyLeastLoadConfig) GetExpected() int32 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Expected
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-func (x *StrategyLeastLoadConfig) GetMaxRTT() int64 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.MaxRTT
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-func (x *StrategyLeastLoadConfig) GetTolerance() float32 {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Tolerance
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
 type Config struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -950,7 +778,7 @@ type Config struct {
 func (x *Config) Reset() {
 	*x = Config{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[10]
+		mi := &file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[8]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -963,7 +791,7 @@ func (x *Config) String() string {
 func (*Config) ProtoMessage() {}

 func (x *Config) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[10]
+	mi := &file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[8]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -976,7 +804,7 @@ func (x *Config) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {

 // Deprecated: Use Config.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*Config) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_app_router_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{10}
+	return file_app_router_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{8}
 }

 func (x *Config) GetDomainStrategy() Config_DomainStrategy {
@@ -1016,7 +844,7 @@ type Domain_Attribute struct {
 func (x *Domain_Attribute) Reset() {
 	*x = Domain_Attribute{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[11]
+		mi := &file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[9]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1029,7 +857,7 @@ func (x *Domain_Attribute) String() string {
 func (*Domain_Attribute) ProtoMessage() {}

 func (x *Domain_Attribute) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[11]
+	mi := &file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[9]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1094,171 +922,136 @@ var File_app_router_config_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
 var file_app_router_config_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x0a, 0x17, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x2f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e,
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+	0x2e, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x2e, 0x44, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x53, 0x74,
+	0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x67, 0x79, 0x52, 0x0e, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x53, 0x74,
+	0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x67, 0x79, 0x12, 0x30, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x72, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x18, 0x02,
+	0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x1c, 0x2e, 0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2e,
+	0x72, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x2e, 0x52, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x52, 0x75,
+	0x6c, 0x65, 0x52, 0x04, 0x72, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x12, 0x45, 0x0a, 0x0e, 0x62, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x61,
+	0x6e, 0x63, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x5f, 0x72, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x18, 0x03, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x0b,
+	0x32, 0x1e, 0x2e, 0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2e, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x74,
+	0x65, 0x72, 0x2e, 0x42, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x52, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x65,
+	0x52, 0x0d, 0x62, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x52, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x22,
+	0x47, 0x0a, 0x0e, 0x44, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x53, 0x74, 0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x67,
+	0x79, 0x12, 0x08, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x41, 0x73, 0x49, 0x73, 0x10, 0x00, 0x12, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x05, 0x55,
+	0x73, 0x65, 0x49, 0x70, 0x10, 0x01, 0x12, 0x10, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x49, 0x70, 0x49, 0x66, 0x4e, 0x6f,
+	0x6e, 0x4d, 0x61, 0x74, 0x63, 0x68, 0x10, 0x02, 0x12, 0x0e, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x70, 0x4f, 0x6e,
+	0x44, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x10, 0x03, 0x42, 0x4f, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2e,
+	0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2e, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x50,
+	0x01, 0x5a, 0x24, 0x67, 0x69, 0x74, 0x68, 0x75, 0x62, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x78, 0x74,
+	0x6c, 0x73, 0x2f, 0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2d, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x2f, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70,
+	0x2f, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0xaa, 0x02, 0x0f, 0x58, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x41,
+	0x70, 0x70, 0x2e, 0x52, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f,
+	0x33,
 }

 var (
@@ -1274,32 +1067,28 @@ func file_app_router_config_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 }

 var file_app_router_config_proto_enumTypes = make([]protoimpl.EnumInfo, 2)
-var file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 13)
+var file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 10)
 var file_app_router_config_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
-	(Domain_Type)(0),                // 0: xray.app.router.Domain.Type
-	(Config_DomainStrategy)(0),      // 1: xray.app.router.Config.DomainStrategy
-	(*Domain)(nil),                  // 2: xray.app.router.Domain
-	(*CIDR)(nil),                    // 3: xray.app.router.CIDR
-	(*GeoIP)(nil),                   // 4: xray.app.router.GeoIP
-	(*GeoIPList)(nil),               // 5: xray.app.router.GeoIPList
-	(*GeoSite)(nil),                 // 6: xray.app.router.GeoSite
-	(*GeoSiteList)(nil),             // 7: xray.app.router.GeoSiteList
-	(*RoutingRule)(nil),             // 8: xray.app.router.RoutingRule
-	(*BalancingRule)(nil),           // 9: xray.app.router.BalancingRule
-	(*StrategyWeight)(nil),          // 10: xray.app.router.StrategyWeight
-	(*StrategyLeastLoadConfig)(nil), // 11: xray.app.router.StrategyLeastLoadConfig
-	(*Config)(nil),                  // 12: xray.app.router.Config
-	(*Domain_Attribute)(nil),        // 13: xray.app.router.Domain.Attribute
-	nil,                             // 14: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.AttributesEntry
-	(*net.PortRange)(nil),           // 15: xray.common.net.PortRange
-	(*net.PortList)(nil),            // 16: xray.common.net.PortList
-	(*net.NetworkList)(nil),         // 17: xray.common.net.NetworkList
-	(net.Network)(0),                // 18: xray.common.net.Network
-	(*serial.TypedMessage)(nil),     // 19: xray.common.serial.TypedMessage
+	(Domain_Type)(0),           // 0: xray.app.router.Domain.Type
+	(Config_DomainStrategy)(0), // 1: xray.app.router.Config.DomainStrategy
+	(*Domain)(nil),             // 2: xray.app.router.Domain
+	(*CIDR)(nil),               // 3: xray.app.router.CIDR
+	(*GeoIP)(nil),              // 4: xray.app.router.GeoIP
+	(*GeoIPList)(nil),          // 5: xray.app.router.GeoIPList
+	(*GeoSite)(nil),            // 6: xray.app.router.GeoSite
+	(*GeoSiteList)(nil),        // 7: xray.app.router.GeoSiteList
+	(*RoutingRule)(nil),        // 8: xray.app.router.RoutingRule
+	(*BalancingRule)(nil),      // 9: xray.app.router.BalancingRule
+	(*Config)(nil),             // 10: xray.app.router.Config
+	(*Domain_Attribute)(nil),   // 11: xray.app.router.Domain.Attribute
+	(*net.PortRange)(nil),      // 12: xray.common.net.PortRange
+	(*net.PortList)(nil),       // 13: xray.common.net.PortList
+	(*net.NetworkList)(nil),    // 14: xray.common.net.NetworkList
+	(net.Network)(0),           // 15: xray.common.net.Network
 }
 var file_app_router_config_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	0,  // 0: xray.app.router.Domain.type:type_name -> xray.app.router.Domain.Type
-	13, // 1: xray.app.router.Domain.attribute:type_name -> xray.app.router.Domain.Attribute
+	11, // 1: xray.app.router.Domain.attribute:type_name -> xray.app.router.Domain.Attribute
 	3,  // 2: xray.app.router.GeoIP.cidr:type_name -> xray.app.router.CIDR
 	4,  // 3: xray.app.router.GeoIPList.entry:type_name -> xray.app.router.GeoIP
 	2,  // 4: xray.app.router.GeoSite.domain:type_name -> xray.app.router.Domain
@@ -1307,24 +1096,21 @@ var file_app_router_config_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	2,  // 6: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.domain:type_name -> xray.app.router.Domain
 	3,  // 7: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.cidr:type_name -> xray.app.router.CIDR
 	4,  // 8: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.geoip:type_name -> xray.app.router.GeoIP
-	15, // 9: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.port_range:type_name -> xray.common.net.PortRange
-	16, // 10: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.port_list:type_name -> xray.common.net.PortList
-	17, // 11: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.network_list:type_name -> xray.common.net.NetworkList
-	18, // 12: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.networks:type_name -> xray.common.net.Network
+	12, // 9: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.port_range:type_name -> xray.common.net.PortRange
+	13, // 10: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.port_list:type_name -> xray.common.net.PortList
+	14, // 11: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.network_list:type_name -> xray.common.net.NetworkList
+	15, // 12: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.networks:type_name -> xray.common.net.Network
 	3,  // 13: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.source_cidr:type_name -> xray.app.router.CIDR
 	4,  // 14: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.source_geoip:type_name -> xray.app.router.GeoIP
-	16, // 15: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.source_port_list:type_name -> xray.common.net.PortList
-	14, // 16: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.attributes:type_name -> xray.app.router.RoutingRule.AttributesEntry
-	19, // 17: xray.app.router.BalancingRule.strategy_settings:type_name -> xray.common.serial.TypedMessage
-	10, // 18: xray.app.router.StrategyLeastLoadConfig.costs:type_name -> xray.app.router.StrategyWeight
-	1,  // 19: xray.app.router.Config.domain_strategy:type_name -> xray.app.router.Config.DomainStrategy
-	8,  // 20: xray.app.router.Config.rule:type_name -> xray.app.router.RoutingRule
-	9,  // 21: xray.app.router.Config.balancing_rule:type_name -> xray.app.router.BalancingRule
-	22, // [22:22] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	22, // [22:22] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	22, // [22:22] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	22, // [22:22] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0,  // [0:22] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	13, // 15: xray.app.router.RoutingRule.source_port_list:type_name -> xray.common.net.PortList
+	1,  // 16: xray.app.router.Config.domain_strategy:type_name -> xray.app.router.Config.DomainStrategy
+	8,  // 17: xray.app.router.Config.rule:type_name -> xray.app.router.RoutingRule
+	9,  // 18: xray.app.router.Config.balancing_rule:type_name -> xray.app.router.BalancingRule
+	19, // [19:19] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	19, // [19:19] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	19, // [19:19] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	19, // [19:19] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0,  // [0:19] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }

 func init() { file_app_router_config_proto_init() }
@@ -1430,30 +1216,6 @@ func file_app_router_config_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[8].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*StrategyWeight); i {
-			case 0:
-				return &v.state
-			case 1:
-				return &v.sizeCache
-			case 2:
-				return &v.unknownFields
-			default:
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-		file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[9].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*StrategyLeastLoadConfig); i {
-			case 0:
-				return &v.state
-			case 1:
-				return &v.sizeCache
-			case 2:
-				return &v.unknownFields
-			default:
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-		file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[10].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
 			switch v := v.(*Config); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
@@ -1465,7 +1227,7 @@ func file_app_router_config_proto_init() {
 				return nil
 			}
 		}
-		file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[11].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+		file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[9].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
 			switch v := v.(*Domain_Attribute); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
@@ -1482,7 +1244,7 @@ func file_app_router_config_proto_init() {
 		(*RoutingRule_Tag)(nil),
 		(*RoutingRule_BalancingTag)(nil),
 	}
-	file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[11].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
+	file_app_router_config_proto_msgTypes[9].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
 		(*Domain_Attribute_BoolValue)(nil),
 		(*Domain_Attribute_IntValue)(nil),
 	}
@@ -1492,7 +1254,7 @@ func file_app_router_config_proto_init() {
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: file_app_router_config_proto_rawDesc,
 			NumEnums:      2,
-			NumMessages:   13,
+			NumMessages:   10,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   0,
 		},
--- a/app/router/config.proto
+++ b/app/router/config.proto
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ option go_package = "github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/router";
 option java_package = "com.xray.app.router";
 option java_multiple_files = true;

-import "common/serial/typed_message.proto";
 import "common/net/port.proto";
 import "common/net/network.proto";

@@ -79,7 +78,6 @@ message RoutingRule {
    // Tag of routing balancer.
    string balancing_tag = 12;
  }
-    string rule_tag = 18;

  // List of domains for target domain matching.
  repeated Domain domain = 2;
@@ -121,7 +119,7 @@ message RoutingRule {
  repeated string inbound_tag = 8;
  repeated string protocol = 9;

-  map<string, string> attributes = 15;
+  string attributes = 15;

  string domain_matcher = 17;
 }
@@ -130,27 +128,6 @@ message BalancingRule {
  string tag = 1;
  repeated string outbound_selector = 2;
  string strategy = 3;
-  xray.common.serial.TypedMessage strategy_settings = 4;
-  string fallback_tag = 5;
-}
-
-message StrategyWeight {
-  bool regexp = 1;
-  string match = 2;
-  float value =3;
-}
-
-message StrategyLeastLoadConfig {
-  // weight settings
-  repeated StrategyWeight costs = 2;
-  // RTT baselines for selecting, int64 values of time.Duration
-  repeated int64 baselines = 3;
-  // expected nodes count to select
-  int32 expected = 4;
-  // max acceptable rtt, filter away high delay nodes. default 0
-  int64 maxRTT = 5;
-  // acceptable failure rate
-  float tolerance = 6;
 }

 message Config {
--- a/app/router/router.go
+++ b/app/router/router.go
@@ -4,10 +4,8 @@ package router

 import (
 	"context"
-	sync "sync"

 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/serial"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/core"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/dns"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/outbound"
@@ -21,11 +19,6 @@ type Router struct {
 	rules          []*Rule
 	balancers      map[string]*Balancer
 	dns            dns.Client
-
-	ctx        context.Context
-	ohm        outbound.Manager
-	dispatcher routing.Dispatcher
-	mu         sync.Mutex
 }

 // Route is an implementation of routing.Route.
@@ -36,16 +29,13 @@ type Route struct {
 }

 // Init initializes the Router.
-func (r *Router) Init(ctx context.Context, config *Config, d dns.Client, ohm outbound.Manager, dispatcher routing.Dispatcher) error {
+func (r *Router) Init(ctx context.Context, config *Config, d dns.Client, ohm outbound.Manager) error {
 	r.domainStrategy = config.DomainStrategy
 	r.dns = d
-	r.ctx = ctx
-	r.ohm = ohm
-	r.dispatcher = dispatcher

 	r.balancers = make(map[string]*Balancer, len(config.BalancingRule))
 	for _, rule := range config.BalancingRule {
-		balancer, err := rule.Build(ohm, dispatcher)
+		balancer, err := rule.Build(ohm)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -62,7 +52,6 @@ func (r *Router) Init(ctx context.Context, config *Config, d dns.Client, ohm out
 		rr := &Rule{
 			Condition: cond,
 			Tag:       rule.GetTag(),
-			RuleTag:   rule.GetRuleTag(),
 		}
 		btag := rule.GetBalancingTag()
 		if len(btag) > 0 {
@@ -91,96 +80,6 @@ func (r *Router) PickRoute(ctx routing.Context) (routing.Route, error) {
 	return &Route{Context: ctx, outboundTag: tag}, nil
 }

-// AddRule implements routing.Router.
-func (r *Router) AddRule(config *serial.TypedMessage, shouldAppend bool) error {
-
-	inst, err := config.GetInstance()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if c, ok := inst.(*Config); ok {
-		return r.ReloadRules(c, shouldAppend)
-	}
-	return newError("AddRule: config type error")
-}
-
-func (r *Router) ReloadRules(config *Config, shouldAppend bool) error {
-	r.mu.Lock()
-	defer r.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if !shouldAppend {
-		r.balancers = make(map[string]*Balancer, len(config.BalancingRule))
-		r.rules = make([]*Rule, 0, len(config.Rule))
-	}
-	for _, rule := range config.BalancingRule {
-		_, found := r.balancers[rule.Tag]
-		if found {
-			return newError("duplicate balancer tag")
-		}
-		balancer, err := rule.Build(r.ohm, r.dispatcher)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		balancer.InjectContext(r.ctx)
-		r.balancers[rule.Tag] = balancer
-	}
-
-	for _, rule := range config.Rule {
-		if r.RuleExists(rule.GetRuleTag()) {
-			return newError("duplicate ruleTag ", rule.GetRuleTag())
-		}
-		cond, err := rule.BuildCondition()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		rr := &Rule{
-			Condition: cond,
-			Tag:       rule.GetTag(),
-			RuleTag:   rule.GetRuleTag(),
-		}
-		btag := rule.GetBalancingTag()
-		if len(btag) > 0 {
-			brule, found := r.balancers[btag]
-			if !found {
-				return newError("balancer ", btag, " not found")
-			}
-			rr.Balancer = brule
-		}
-		r.rules = append(r.rules, rr)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *Router) RuleExists(tag string) bool {
-	if tag != "" {
-		for _, rule := range r.rules {
-			if rule.RuleTag == tag {
-				return true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-// RemoveRule implements routing.Router.
-func (r *Router) RemoveRule(tag string) error {
-	r.mu.Lock()
-	defer r.mu.Unlock()
-
-	newRules := []*Rule{}
-	if tag != "" {
-		for _, rule := range r.rules {
-			if rule.RuleTag != tag {
-				newRules = append(newRules, rule)
-			}
-		}
-		r.rules = newRules
-		return nil
-	}
-	return newError("empty tag name!")
-
-}
 func (r *Router) pickRouteInternal(ctx routing.Context) (*Rule, routing.Context, error) {
 	// SkipDNSResolve is set from DNS module.
 	// the DOH remote server maybe a domain name,
@@ -214,12 +113,12 @@ func (r *Router) pickRouteInternal(ctx routing.Context) (*Rule, routing.Context,
 }

 // Start implements common.Runnable.
-func (r *Router) Start() error {
+func (*Router) Start() error {
 	return nil
 }

 // Close implements common.Closable.
-func (r *Router) Close() error {
+func (*Router) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }

@@ -241,8 +140,8 @@ func (r *Route) GetOutboundTag() string {
 func init() {
 	common.Must(common.RegisterConfig((*Config)(nil), func(ctx context.Context, config interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		r := new(Router)
-		if err := core.RequireFeatures(ctx, func(d dns.Client, ohm outbound.Manager, dispatcher routing.Dispatcher) error {
-			return r.Init(ctx, config.(*Config), d, ohm, dispatcher)
+		if err := core.RequireFeatures(ctx, func(d dns.Client, ohm outbound.Manager) error {
+			return r.Init(ctx, config.(*Config), d, ohm)
 		}); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
--- a/app/router/router_test.go
+++ b/app/router/router_test.go
@@ -43,11 +43,9 @@ func TestSimpleRouter(t *testing.T) {
 	common.Must(r.Init(context.TODO(), config, mockDNS, &mockOutboundManager{
 		Manager:         mockOhm,
 		HandlerSelector: mockHs,
-	}, nil))
+	}))

-	ctx := session.ContextWithOutbounds(context.Background(), []*session.Outbound{{
-		Target: net.TCPDestination(net.DomainAddress("example.com"), 80),
-	}})
+	ctx := session.ContextWithOutbound(context.Background(), &session.Outbound{Target: net.TCPDestination(net.DomainAddress("example.com"), 80)})
 	route, err := r.PickRoute(routing_session.AsRoutingContext(ctx))
 	common.Must(err)
 	if tag := route.GetOutboundTag(); tag != "test" {
@@ -86,11 +84,9 @@ func TestSimpleBalancer(t *testing.T) {
 	common.Must(r.Init(context.TODO(), config, mockDNS, &mockOutboundManager{
 		Manager:         mockOhm,
 		HandlerSelector: mockHs,
-	}, nil))
+	}))

-	ctx := session.ContextWithOutbounds(context.Background(), []*session.Outbound{{
-		Target: net.TCPDestination(net.DomainAddress("example.com"), 80),
-	}})
+	ctx := session.ContextWithOutbound(context.Background(), &session.Outbound{Target: net.TCPDestination(net.DomainAddress("example.com"), 80)})
 	route, err := r.PickRoute(routing_session.AsRoutingContext(ctx))
 	common.Must(err)
 	if tag := route.GetOutboundTag(); tag != "test" {
@@ -98,55 +94,6 @@ func TestSimpleBalancer(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-/*
-
-Do not work right now: need a full client setup
-
-func TestLeastLoadBalancer(t *testing.T) {
-	config := &Config{
-		Rule: []*RoutingRule{
-			{
-				TargetTag: &RoutingRule_BalancingTag{
-					BalancingTag: "balance",
-				},
-				Networks: []net.Network{net.Network_TCP},
-			},
-		},
-		BalancingRule: []*BalancingRule{
-			{
-				Tag:              "balance",
-				OutboundSelector: []string{"test-"},
-				Strategy:         "leastLoad",
-				StrategySettings: serial.ToTypedMessage(&StrategyLeastLoadConfig{
-					Baselines:   nil,
-					Expected:    1,
-				}),
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	mockCtl := gomock.NewController(t)
-	defer mockCtl.Finish()
-
-	mockDNS := mocks.NewDNSClient(mockCtl)
-	mockOhm := mocks.NewOutboundManager(mockCtl)
-	mockHs := mocks.NewOutboundHandlerSelector(mockCtl)
-
-	mockHs.EXPECT().Select(gomock.Eq([]string{"test-"})).Return([]string{"test1"})
-
-	r := new(Router)
-	common.Must(r.Init(context.TODO(), config, mockDNS, &mockOutboundManager{
-		Manager:         mockOhm,
-		HandlerSelector: mockHs,
-	}, nil))
-	ctx := session.ContextWithOutbound(context.Background(), &session.Outbound{Target: net.TCPDestination(net.DomainAddress("v2ray.com"), 80)})
-	route, err := r.PickRoute(routing_session.AsRoutingContext(ctx))
-	common.Must(err)
-	if tag := route.GetOutboundTag(); tag != "test1" {
-		t.Error("expect tag 'test1', bug actually ", tag)
-	}
-}*/
-
 func TestIPOnDemand(t *testing.T) {
 	config := &Config{
 		DomainStrategy: Config_IpOnDemand,
@@ -176,11 +123,9 @@ func TestIPOnDemand(t *testing.T) {
 	}).Return([]net.IP{{192, 168, 0, 1}}, nil).AnyTimes()

 	r := new(Router)
-	common.Must(r.Init(context.TODO(), config, mockDNS, nil, nil))
+	common.Must(r.Init(context.TODO(), config, mockDNS, nil))

-	ctx := session.ContextWithOutbounds(context.Background(), []*session.Outbound{{
-		Target: net.TCPDestination(net.DomainAddress("example.com"), 80),
-	}})
+	ctx := session.ContextWithOutbound(context.Background(), &session.Outbound{Target: net.TCPDestination(net.DomainAddress("example.com"), 80)})
 	route, err := r.PickRoute(routing_session.AsRoutingContext(ctx))
 	common.Must(err)
 	if tag := route.GetOutboundTag(); tag != "test" {
@@ -217,11 +162,9 @@ func TestIPIfNonMatchDomain(t *testing.T) {
 	}).Return([]net.IP{{192, 168, 0, 1}}, nil).AnyTimes()

 	r := new(Router)
-	common.Must(r.Init(context.TODO(), config, mockDNS, nil, nil))
+	common.Must(r.Init(context.TODO(), config, mockDNS, nil))

-	ctx := session.ContextWithOutbounds(context.Background(), []*session.Outbound{{
-		Target: net.TCPDestination(net.DomainAddress("example.com"), 80),
-	}})
+	ctx := session.ContextWithOutbound(context.Background(), &session.Outbound{Target: net.TCPDestination(net.DomainAddress("example.com"), 80)})
 	route, err := r.PickRoute(routing_session.AsRoutingContext(ctx))
 	common.Must(err)
 	if tag := route.GetOutboundTag(); tag != "test" {
@@ -253,11 +196,9 @@ func TestIPIfNonMatchIP(t *testing.T) {
 	mockDNS := mocks.NewDNSClient(mockCtl)

 	r := new(Router)
-	common.Must(r.Init(context.TODO(), config, mockDNS, nil, nil))
+	common.Must(r.Init(context.TODO(), config, mockDNS, nil))

-	ctx := session.ContextWithOutbounds(context.Background(), []*session.Outbound{{
-		Target: net.TCPDestination(net.LocalHostIP, 80),
-	}})
+	ctx := session.ContextWithOutbound(context.Background(), &session.Outbound{Target: net.TCPDestination(net.LocalHostIP, 80)})
 	route, err := r.PickRoute(routing_session.AsRoutingContext(ctx))
 	common.Must(err)
 	if tag := route.GetOutboundTag(); tag != "test" {
--- a/app/router/strategy_leastload.go
+++ b/app/router/strategy_leastload.go
@@ -1,200 +0,0 @@
-package router
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"math"
-	"sort"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/observatory"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/dice"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/core"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/extension"
-)
-
-// LeastLoadStrategy represents a least load balancing strategy
-type LeastLoadStrategy struct {
-	settings *StrategyLeastLoadConfig
-	costs    *WeightManager
-
-	observer extension.Observatory
-
-	ctx context.Context
-}
-
-func (l *LeastLoadStrategy) GetPrincipleTarget(strings []string) []string {
-	var ret []string
-	nodes := l.pickOutbounds(strings)
-	for _, v := range nodes {
-		ret = append(ret, v.Tag)
-	}
-	return ret
-}
-
-// NewLeastLoadStrategy creates a new LeastLoadStrategy with settings
-func NewLeastLoadStrategy(settings *StrategyLeastLoadConfig) *LeastLoadStrategy {
-	return &LeastLoadStrategy{
-		settings: settings,
-		costs: NewWeightManager(
-			settings.Costs, 1,
-			func(value, cost float64) float64 {
-				return value * math.Pow(cost, 0.5)
-			},
-		),
-	}
-}
-
-// node is a minimal copy of HealthCheckResult
-// we don't use HealthCheckResult directly because
-// it may change by health checker during routing
-type node struct {
-	Tag              string
-	CountAll         int
-	CountFail        int
-	RTTAverage       time.Duration
-	RTTDeviation     time.Duration
-	RTTDeviationCost time.Duration
-}
-
-func (l *LeastLoadStrategy) InjectContext(ctx context.Context) {
-	l.ctx = ctx
-}
-
-func (s *LeastLoadStrategy) PickOutbound(candidates []string) string {
-	selects := s.pickOutbounds(candidates)
-	count := len(selects)
-	if count == 0 {
-		// goes to fallbackTag
-		return ""
-	}
-	return selects[dice.Roll(count)].Tag
-}
-
-func (s *LeastLoadStrategy) pickOutbounds(candidates []string) []*node {
-	qualified := s.getNodes(candidates, time.Duration(s.settings.MaxRTT))
-	selects := s.selectLeastLoad(qualified)
-	return selects
-}
-
-// selectLeastLoad selects nodes according to Baselines and Expected Count.
-//
-// The strategy always improves network response speed, not matter which mode below is configured.
-// But they can still have different priorities.
-//
-// 1. Bandwidth priority: no Baseline + Expected Count > 0.: selects `Expected Count` of nodes.
-// (one if Expected Count <= 0)
-//
-// 2. Bandwidth priority advanced: Baselines + Expected Count > 0.
-// Select `Expected Count` amount of nodes, and also those near them according to baselines.
-// In other words, it selects according to different Baselines, until one of them matches
-// the Expected Count, if no Baseline matches, Expected Count applied.
-//
-// 3. Speed priority: Baselines + `Expected Count <= 0`.
-// go through all baselines until find selects, if not, select none. Used in combination
-// with 'balancer.fallbackTag', it means: selects qualified nodes or use the fallback.
-func (s *LeastLoadStrategy) selectLeastLoad(nodes []*node) []*node {
-	if len(nodes) == 0 {
-		newError("least load: no qualified outbound").AtInfo().WriteToLog()
-		return nil
-	}
-	expected := int(s.settings.Expected)
-	availableCount := len(nodes)
-	if expected > availableCount {
-		return nodes
-	}
-
-	if expected <= 0 {
-		expected = 1
-	}
-	if len(s.settings.Baselines) == 0 {
-		return nodes[:expected]
-	}
-
-	count := 0
-	// go through all base line until find expected selects
-	for _, b := range s.settings.Baselines {
-		baseline := time.Duration(b)
-		for i := count; i < availableCount; i++ {
-			if nodes[i].RTTDeviationCost >= baseline {
-				break
-			}
-			count = i + 1
-		}
-		// don't continue if find expected selects
-		if count >= expected {
-			newError("applied baseline: ", baseline).AtDebug().WriteToLog()
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	if s.settings.Expected > 0 && count < expected {
-		count = expected
-	}
-	return nodes[:count]
-}
-
-func (s *LeastLoadStrategy) getNodes(candidates []string, maxRTT time.Duration) []*node {
-	if s.observer == nil {
-		common.Must(core.RequireFeatures(s.ctx, func(observatory extension.Observatory) error {
-			s.observer = observatory
-			return nil
-		}))
-	}
-	observeResult, err := s.observer.GetObservation(s.ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		newError("cannot get observation").Base(err).WriteToLog()
-		return make([]*node, 0)
-	}
-
-	results := observeResult.(*observatory.ObservationResult)
-
-	outboundlist := outboundList(candidates)
-
-	var ret []*node
-
-	for _, v := range results.Status {
-		if v.Alive && (v.Delay < maxRTT.Milliseconds() || maxRTT == 0) && outboundlist.contains(v.OutboundTag) {
-			record := &node{
-				Tag:              v.OutboundTag,
-				CountAll:         1,
-				CountFail:        1,
-				RTTAverage:       time.Duration(v.Delay) * time.Millisecond,
-				RTTDeviation:     time.Duration(v.Delay) * time.Millisecond,
-				RTTDeviationCost: time.Duration(s.costs.Apply(v.OutboundTag, float64(time.Duration(v.Delay)*time.Millisecond))),
-			}
-
-			if v.HealthPing != nil {
-				record.RTTAverage = time.Duration(v.HealthPing.Average)
-				record.RTTDeviation = time.Duration(v.HealthPing.Deviation)
-				record.RTTDeviationCost = time.Duration(s.costs.Apply(v.OutboundTag, float64(v.HealthPing.Deviation)))
-				record.CountAll = int(v.HealthPing.All)
-				record.CountFail = int(v.HealthPing.Fail)
-
-			}
-			ret = append(ret, record)
-		}
-	}
-
-	leastloadSort(ret)
-	return ret
-}
-
-func leastloadSort(nodes []*node) {
-	sort.Slice(nodes, func(i, j int) bool {
-		left := nodes[i]
-		right := nodes[j]
-		if left.RTTDeviationCost != right.RTTDeviationCost {
-			return left.RTTDeviationCost < right.RTTDeviationCost
-		}
-		if left.RTTAverage != right.RTTAverage {
-			return left.RTTAverage < right.RTTAverage
-		}
-		if left.CountFail != right.CountFail {
-			return left.CountFail < right.CountFail
-		}
-		if left.CountAll != right.CountAll {
-			return left.CountAll > right.CountAll
-		}
-		return left.Tag < right.Tag
-	})
-}
--- a/app/router/strategy_leastload_test.go
+++ b/app/router/strategy_leastload_test.go
@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-package router
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-)
-
-/*
-Split into multiple package, need to be tested separately
-
-func TestSelectLeastLoad(t *testing.T) {
-	settings := &StrategyLeastLoadConfig{
-		HealthCheck: &HealthPingConfig{
-			SamplingCount: 10,
-		},
-		Expected: 1,
-		MaxRTT:   int64(time.Millisecond * time.Duration(800)),
-	}
-	strategy := NewLeastLoadStrategy(settings)
-	// std 40
-	strategy.PutResult("a", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(60))
-	strategy.PutResult("a", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(140))
-	strategy.PutResult("a", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(60))
-	strategy.PutResult("a", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(140))
-	// std 60
-	strategy.PutResult("b", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(40))
-	strategy.PutResult("b", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(160))
-	strategy.PutResult("b", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(40))
-	strategy.PutResult("b", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(160))
-	// std 0, but >MaxRTT
-	strategy.PutResult("c", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(1000))
-	strategy.PutResult("c", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(1000))
-	strategy.PutResult("c", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(1000))
-	strategy.PutResult("c", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(1000))
-	expected := "a"
-	actual := strategy.SelectAndPick([]string{"a", "b", "c", "untested"})
-	if actual != expected {
-		t.Errorf("expected: %v, actual: %v", expected, actual)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSelectLeastLoadWithCost(t *testing.T) {
-	settings := &StrategyLeastLoadConfig{
-		HealthCheck: &HealthPingConfig{
-			SamplingCount: 10,
-		},
-		Costs: []*StrategyWeight{
-			{Match: "a", Value: 9},
-		},
-		Expected: 1,
-	}
-	strategy := NewLeastLoadStrategy(settings, nil)
-	// std 40, std+c 120
-	strategy.PutResult("a", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(60))
-	strategy.PutResult("a", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(140))
-	strategy.PutResult("a", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(60))
-	strategy.PutResult("a", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(140))
-	// std 60
-	strategy.PutResult("b", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(40))
-	strategy.PutResult("b", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(160))
-	strategy.PutResult("b", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(40))
-	strategy.PutResult("b", time.Millisecond*time.Duration(160))
-	expected := "b"
-	actual := strategy.SelectAndPick([]string{"a", "b", "untested"})
-	if actual != expected {
-		t.Errorf("expected: %v, actual: %v", expected, actual)
-	}
-}
-*/
-func TestSelectLeastExpected(t *testing.T) {
-	strategy := &LeastLoadStrategy{
-		settings: &StrategyLeastLoadConfig{
-			Baselines: nil,
-			Expected:  3,
-		},
-	}
-	nodes := []*node{
-		{Tag: "a", RTTDeviationCost: 100},
-		{Tag: "b", RTTDeviationCost: 200},
-		{Tag: "c", RTTDeviationCost: 300},
-		{Tag: "d", RTTDeviationCost: 350},
-	}
-	expected := 3
-	ns := strategy.selectLeastLoad(nodes)
-	if len(ns) != expected {
-		t.Errorf("expected: %v, actual: %v", expected, len(ns))
-	}
-}
-func TestSelectLeastExpected2(t *testing.T) {
-	strategy := &LeastLoadStrategy{
-		settings: &StrategyLeastLoadConfig{
-			Baselines: nil,
-			Expected:  3,
-		},
-	}
-	nodes := []*node{
-		{Tag: "a", RTTDeviationCost: 100},
-		{Tag: "b", RTTDeviationCost: 200},
-	}
-	expected := 2
-	ns := strategy.selectLeastLoad(nodes)
-	if len(ns) != expected {
-		t.Errorf("expected: %v, actual: %v", expected, len(ns))
-	}
-}
-func TestSelectLeastExpectedAndBaselines(t *testing.T) {
-	strategy := &LeastLoadStrategy{
-		settings: &StrategyLeastLoadConfig{
-			Baselines: []int64{200, 300, 400},
-			Expected:  3,
-		},
-	}
-	nodes := []*node{
-		{Tag: "a", RTTDeviationCost: 100},
-		{Tag: "b", RTTDeviationCost: 200},
-		{Tag: "c", RTTDeviationCost: 250},
-		{Tag: "d", RTTDeviationCost: 300},
-		{Tag: "e", RTTDeviationCost: 310},
-	}
-	expected := 3
-	ns := strategy.selectLeastLoad(nodes)
-	if len(ns) != expected {
-		t.Errorf("expected: %v, actual: %v", expected, len(ns))
-	}
-}
-func TestSelectLeastExpectedAndBaselines2(t *testing.T) {
-	strategy := &LeastLoadStrategy{
-		settings: &StrategyLeastLoadConfig{
-			Baselines: []int64{200, 300, 400},
-			Expected:  3,
-		},
-	}
-	nodes := []*node{
-		{Tag: "a", RTTDeviationCost: 500},
-		{Tag: "b", RTTDeviationCost: 600},
-		{Tag: "c", RTTDeviationCost: 700},
-		{Tag: "d", RTTDeviationCost: 800},
-		{Tag: "e", RTTDeviationCost: 900},
-	}
-	expected := 3
-	ns := strategy.selectLeastLoad(nodes)
-	if len(ns) != expected {
-		t.Errorf("expected: %v, actual: %v", expected, len(ns))
-	}
-}
-func TestSelectLeastLoadBaselines(t *testing.T) {
-	strategy := &LeastLoadStrategy{
-		settings: &StrategyLeastLoadConfig{
-			Baselines: []int64{200, 400, 600},
-			Expected:  0,
-		},
-	}
-	nodes := []*node{
-		{Tag: "a", RTTDeviationCost: 100},
-		{Tag: "b", RTTDeviationCost: 200},
-		{Tag: "c", RTTDeviationCost: 300},
-	}
-	expected := 1
-	ns := strategy.selectLeastLoad(nodes)
-	if len(ns) != expected {
-		t.Errorf("expected: %v, actual: %v", expected, len(ns))
-	}
-}
-func TestSelectLeastLoadBaselinesNoQualified(t *testing.T) {
-	strategy := &LeastLoadStrategy{
-		settings: &StrategyLeastLoadConfig{
-			Baselines: []int64{200, 400, 600},
-			Expected:  0,
-		},
-	}
-	nodes := []*node{
-		{Tag: "a", RTTDeviationCost: 800},
-		{Tag: "b", RTTDeviationCost: 1000},
-	}
-	expected := 0
-	ns := strategy.selectLeastLoad(nodes)
-	if len(ns) != expected {
-		t.Errorf("expected: %v, actual: %v", expected, len(ns))
-	}
-}
--- a/app/router/strategy_leastping.go
+++ b/app/router/strategy_leastping.go
@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@ type LeastPingStrategy struct {
 	observatory extension.Observatory
 }

-func (l *LeastPingStrategy) GetPrincipleTarget(strings []string) []string {
-	return []string{l.PickOutbound(strings)}
-}
-
 func (l *LeastPingStrategy) InjectContext(ctx context.Context) {
 	l.ctx = ctx
 }
--- a/app/router/strategy_random.go
+++ b/app/router/strategy_random.go
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-package router
-
-import (
-	"context"
-
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/observatory"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/dice"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/core"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/extension"
-)
-
-// RandomStrategy represents a random balancing strategy
-type RandomStrategy struct{
-	FallbackTag string
-
-	ctx         context.Context
-	observatory extension.Observatory
-}
-
-func (s *RandomStrategy) InjectContext(ctx context.Context) {
-	s.ctx = ctx
-}
-
-func (s *RandomStrategy) GetPrincipleTarget(strings []string) []string {
-	return strings
-}
-
-func (s *RandomStrategy) PickOutbound(candidates []string) string {
-	if len(s.FallbackTag) > 0 && s.observatory == nil {
-		common.Must(core.RequireFeatures(s.ctx, func(observatory extension.Observatory) error {
-			s.observatory = observatory
-			return nil
-		}))
-	}
-	if s.observatory != nil {
-		observeReport, err := s.observatory.GetObservation(s.ctx)
-		if err == nil {
-			aliveTags := make([]string, 0)
-			if result, ok := observeReport.(*observatory.ObservationResult); ok {
-				status := result.Status
-				statusMap := make(map[string]*observatory.OutboundStatus)
-				for _, outboundStatus := range status {
-					statusMap[outboundStatus.OutboundTag] = outboundStatus
-				}
-				for _, candidate := range candidates {
-					if outboundStatus, found := statusMap[candidate]; found {
-						if outboundStatus.Alive {
-							aliveTags = append(aliveTags, candidate)
-						}
-					} else {
-						// unfound candidate is considered alive
-						aliveTags = append(aliveTags, candidate)
-					}
-				}
-				candidates = aliveTags
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	count := len(candidates)
-	if count == 0 {
-		// goes to fallbackTag
-		return ""
-	}
-	return candidates[dice.Roll(count)]
-}
--- a/app/router/weight.go
+++ b/app/router/weight.go
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-package router
-
-import (
-	"regexp"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-)
-
-type weightScaler func(value, weight float64) float64
-
-var numberFinder = regexp.MustCompile(`\d+(\.\d+)?`)
-
-// NewWeightManager creates a new WeightManager with settings
-func NewWeightManager(s []*StrategyWeight, defaultWeight float64, scaler weightScaler) *WeightManager {
-	return &WeightManager{
-		settings:      s,
-		cache:         make(map[string]float64),
-		scaler:        scaler,
-		defaultWeight: defaultWeight,
-	}
-}
-
-// WeightManager manages weights for specific settings
-type WeightManager struct {
-	settings      []*StrategyWeight
-	cache         map[string]float64
-	scaler        weightScaler
-	defaultWeight float64
-	mu            sync.Mutex
-}
-
-// Get get the weight of specified tag
-func (s *WeightManager) Get(tag string) float64 {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-	weight, ok := s.cache[tag]
-	if ok {
-		return weight
-	}
-	weight = s.findValue(tag)
-	s.cache[tag] = weight
-	return weight
-}
-
-// Apply applies weight to the value
-func (s *WeightManager) Apply(tag string, value float64) float64 {
-	return s.scaler(value, s.Get(tag))
-}
-
-func (s *WeightManager) findValue(tag string) float64 {
-	for _, w := range s.settings {
-		matched := s.getMatch(tag, w.Match, w.Regexp)
-		if matched == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-		if w.Value > 0 {
-			return float64(w.Value)
-		}
-		// auto weight from matched
-		numStr := numberFinder.FindString(matched)
-		if numStr == "" {
-			return s.defaultWeight
-		}
-		weight, err := strconv.ParseFloat(numStr, 64)
-		if err != nil {
-			newError("unexpected error from ParseFloat: ", err).AtError().WriteToLog()
-			return s.defaultWeight
-		}
-		return weight
-	}
-	return s.defaultWeight
-}
-
-func (s *WeightManager) getMatch(tag, find string, isRegexp bool) string {
-	if !isRegexp {
-		idx := strings.Index(tag, find)
-		if idx < 0 {
-			return ""
-		}
-		return find
-	}
-	r, err := regexp.Compile(find)
-	if err != nil {
-		newError("invalid regexp: ", find, "err: ", err).AtError().WriteToLog()
-		return ""
-	}
-	return r.FindString(tag)
-}
--- a/app/router/weight_test.go
+++ b/app/router/weight_test.go
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-package router_test
-
-import (
-	"reflect"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/router"
-)
-
-func TestWeight(t *testing.T) {
-	manager := router.NewWeightManager(
-		[]*router.StrategyWeight{
-			{
-				Match: "x5",
-				Value: 100,
-			},
-			{
-				Match: "x8",
-			},
-			{
-				Regexp: true,
-				Match:  `\bx0+(\.\d+)?\b`,
-				Value:  1,
-			},
-			{
-				Regexp: true,
-				Match:  `\bx\d+(\.\d+)?\b`,
-			},
-		},
-		1, func(v, w float64) float64 {
-			return v * w
-		},
-	)
-	tags := []string{
-		"node name, x5, and more",
-		"node name, x8",
-		"node name, x15",
-		"node name, x0100, and more",
-		"node name, x10.1",
-		"node name, x00.1, and more",
-	}
-	// test weight
-	expected := []float64{100, 8, 15, 100, 10.1, 1}
-	actual := make([]float64, 0)
-	for _, tag := range tags {
-		actual = append(actual, manager.Get(tag))
-	}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, actual) {
-		t.Errorf("expected: %v, actual: %v", expected, actual)
-	}
-	// test scale
-	expected2 := []float64{1000, 80, 150, 1000, 101, 10}
-	actual2 := make([]float64, 0)
-	for _, tag := range tags {
-		actual2 = append(actual2, manager.Apply(tag, 10))
-	}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected2, actual2) {
-		t.Errorf("expected2: %v, actual2: %v", expected2, actual2)
-	}
-}
--- a/app/stats/command/command.pb.go
+++ b/app/stats/command/command.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: app/stats/command/command.proto

 package command
--- a/app/stats/command/command_grpc.pb.go
+++ b/app/stats/command/command_grpc.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go-grpc. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.3.0
-// - protoc             v4.23.1
+// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.2.0
+// - protoc             v3.21.12
 // source: app/stats/command/command.proto

 package command
@@ -18,12 +18,6 @@ import (
 // Requires gRPC-Go v1.32.0 or later.
 const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion7

-const (
-	StatsService_GetStats_FullMethodName    = "/xray.app.stats.command.StatsService/GetStats"
-	StatsService_QueryStats_FullMethodName  = "/xray.app.stats.command.StatsService/QueryStats"
-	StatsService_GetSysStats_FullMethodName = "/xray.app.stats.command.StatsService/GetSysStats"
-)
-
 // StatsServiceClient is the client API for StatsService service.
 //
 // For semantics around ctx use and closing/ending streaming RPCs, please refer to https://pkg.go.dev/google.golang.org/grpc/?tab=doc#ClientConn.NewStream.
@@ -43,7 +37,7 @@ func NewStatsServiceClient(cc grpc.ClientConnInterface) StatsServiceClient {

 func (c *statsServiceClient) GetStats(ctx context.Context, in *GetStatsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetStatsResponse, error) {
 	out := new(GetStatsResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, StatsService_GetStats_FullMethodName, in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/xray.app.stats.command.StatsService/GetStats", in, out, opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -52,7 +46,7 @@ func (c *statsServiceClient) GetStats(ctx context.Context, in *GetStatsRequest,

 func (c *statsServiceClient) QueryStats(ctx context.Context, in *QueryStatsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*QueryStatsResponse, error) {
 	out := new(QueryStatsResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, StatsService_QueryStats_FullMethodName, in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/xray.app.stats.command.StatsService/QueryStats", in, out, opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -61,7 +55,7 @@ func (c *statsServiceClient) QueryStats(ctx context.Context, in *QueryStatsReque

 func (c *statsServiceClient) GetSysStats(ctx context.Context, in *SysStatsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SysStatsResponse, error) {
 	out := new(SysStatsResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, StatsService_GetSysStats_FullMethodName, in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/xray.app.stats.command.StatsService/GetSysStats", in, out, opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -114,7 +108,7 @@ func _StatsService_GetStats_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec fu
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: StatsService_GetStats_FullMethodName,
+		FullMethod: "/xray.app.stats.command.StatsService/GetStats",
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(StatsServiceServer).GetStats(ctx, req.(*GetStatsRequest))
@@ -132,7 +126,7 @@ func _StatsService_QueryStats_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: StatsService_QueryStats_FullMethodName,
+		FullMethod: "/xray.app.stats.command.StatsService/QueryStats",
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(StatsServiceServer).QueryStats(ctx, req.(*QueryStatsRequest))
@@ -150,7 +144,7 @@ func _StatsService_GetSysStats_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: StatsService_GetSysStats_FullMethodName,
+		FullMethod: "/xray.app.stats.command.StatsService/GetSysStats",
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(StatsServiceServer).GetSysStats(ctx, req.(*SysStatsRequest))
--- a/app/stats/config.pb.go
+++ b/app/stats/config.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: app/stats/config.proto

 package stats
--- a/app/tun/config.pb.go
+++ b/app/tun/config.pb.go
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
+// source: app/tun/config.proto
+
+package tun
+
+import (
+	protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
+	protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
+	reflect "reflect"
+	sync "sync"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
+	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
+	// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
+	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
+)
+
+type Config struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	InterfaceName          string   `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=interface_name,json=interfaceName,proto3" json:"interface_name,omitempty"`
+	Inet4Address           []string `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=inet4_address,json=inet4Address,proto3" json:"inet4_address,omitempty"`
+	Inet6Address           []string `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=inet6_address,json=inet6Address,proto3" json:"inet6_address,omitempty"`
+	Mtu                    uint32   `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=mtu,proto3" json:"mtu,omitempty"`
+	AutoRoute              bool     `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=auto_route,json=autoRoute,proto3" json:"auto_route,omitempty"`
+	StrictRoute            bool     `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=strict_route,json=strictRoute,proto3" json:"strict_route,omitempty"`
+	Inet4RouteAddress      []string `protobuf:"bytes,7,rep,name=inet4_route_address,json=inet4RouteAddress,proto3" json:"inet4_route_address,omitempty"`
+	Inet6RouteAddress      []string `protobuf:"bytes,8,rep,name=inet6_route_address,json=inet6RouteAddress,proto3" json:"inet6_route_address,omitempty"`
+	EndpointIndependentNat bool     `protobuf:"varint,9,opt,name=endpoint_independent_nat,json=endpointIndependentNat,proto3" json:"endpoint_independent_nat,omitempty"`
+	UdpTimeout             int64    `protobuf:"varint,10,opt,name=udp_timeout,json=udpTimeout,proto3" json:"udp_timeout,omitempty"`
+	Stack                  string   `protobuf:"bytes,11,opt,name=stack,proto3" json:"stack,omitempty"`
+	IncludeUid             []uint32 `protobuf:"varint,12,rep,packed,name=include_uid,json=includeUid,proto3" json:"include_uid,omitempty"`
+	IncludeUidRange        []string `protobuf:"bytes,13,rep,name=include_uid_range,json=includeUidRange,proto3" json:"include_uid_range,omitempty"`
+	ExcludeUid             []uint32 `protobuf:"varint,14,rep,packed,name=exclude_uid,json=excludeUid,proto3" json:"exclude_uid,omitempty"`
+	ExcludeUidRange        []string `protobuf:"bytes,15,rep,name=exclude_uid_range,json=excludeUidRange,proto3" json:"exclude_uid_range,omitempty"`
+	IncludeAndroidUser     []int32  `protobuf:"varint,16,rep,packed,name=include_android_user,json=includeAndroidUser,proto3" json:"include_android_user,omitempty"`
+	IncludePackage         []string `protobuf:"bytes,17,rep,name=include_package,json=includePackage,proto3" json:"include_package,omitempty"`
+	ExcludePackage         []string `protobuf:"bytes,18,rep,name=exclude_package,json=excludePackage,proto3" json:"exclude_package,omitempty"`
+	// for xray
+	AutoDetectInterface bool `protobuf:"varint,100,opt,name=auto_detect_interface,json=autoDetectInterface,proto3" json:"auto_detect_interface,omitempty"`
+	OverrideAndroidVpn  bool `protobuf:"varint,101,opt,name=override_android_vpn,json=overrideAndroidVpn,proto3" json:"override_android_vpn,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *Config) Reset() {
+	*x = Config{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_app_tun_config_proto_msgTypes[0]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *Config) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*Config) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *Config) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_app_tun_config_proto_msgTypes[0]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use Config.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*Config) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_app_tun_config_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetInterfaceName() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.InterfaceName
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetInet4Address() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Inet4Address
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetInet6Address() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Inet6Address
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetMtu() uint32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Mtu
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetAutoRoute() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AutoRoute
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetStrictRoute() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.StrictRoute
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetInet4RouteAddress() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Inet4RouteAddress
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetInet6RouteAddress() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Inet6RouteAddress
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetEndpointIndependentNat() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.EndpointIndependentNat
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetUdpTimeout() int64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.UdpTimeout
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetStack() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Stack
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetIncludeUid() []uint32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.IncludeUid
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetIncludeUidRange() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.IncludeUidRange
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetExcludeUid() []uint32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ExcludeUid
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetExcludeUidRange() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ExcludeUidRange
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetIncludeAndroidUser() []int32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.IncludeAndroidUser
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetIncludePackage() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.IncludePackage
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetExcludePackage() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ExcludePackage
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetAutoDetectInterface() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AutoDetectInterface
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *Config) GetOverrideAndroidVpn() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.OverrideAndroidVpn
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+var File_app_tun_config_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
+
+var file_app_tun_config_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
+	0x0a, 0x14, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2f, 0x74, 0x75, 0x6e, 0x2f, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67,
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+	0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x12, 0x32, 0x0a, 0x15, 0x61, 0x75, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x5f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x74, 0x65,
+	0x63, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x66, 0x61, 0x63, 0x65, 0x18, 0x64, 0x20, 0x01,
+	0x28, 0x08, 0x52, 0x13, 0x61, 0x75, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x44, 0x65, 0x74, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x49, 0x6e,
+	0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x66, 0x61, 0x63, 0x65, 0x12, 0x30, 0x0a, 0x14, 0x6f, 0x76, 0x65, 0x72, 0x72,
+	0x69, 0x64, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x5f, 0x76, 0x70, 0x6e, 0x18,
+	0x65, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x08, 0x52, 0x12, 0x6f, 0x76, 0x65, 0x72, 0x72, 0x69, 0x64, 0x65, 0x41,
+	0x6e, 0x64, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x56, 0x70, 0x6e, 0x42, 0x46, 0x0a, 0x10, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d,
+	0x2e, 0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2e, 0x74, 0x75, 0x6e, 0x50, 0x01, 0x5a,
+	0x21, 0x67, 0x69, 0x74, 0x68, 0x75, 0x62, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x78, 0x74, 0x6c, 0x73,
+	0x2f, 0x78, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2d, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x2f, 0x61, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2f, 0x74,
+	0x75, 0x6e, 0xaa, 0x02, 0x0c, 0x58, 0x72, 0x61, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x41, 0x70, 0x70, 0x2e, 0x54, 0x75,
+	0x6e, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
+}
+
+var (
+	file_app_tun_config_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
+	file_app_tun_config_proto_rawDescData = file_app_tun_config_proto_rawDesc
+)
+
+func file_app_tun_config_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
+	file_app_tun_config_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
+		file_app_tun_config_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(file_app_tun_config_proto_rawDescData)
+	})
+	return file_app_tun_config_proto_rawDescData
+}
+
+var file_app_tun_config_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 1)
+var file_app_tun_config_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
+	(*Config)(nil), // 0: xray.app.tun.Config
+}
+var file_app_tun_config_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
+	0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for field type_name
+}
+
+func init() { file_app_tun_config_proto_init() }
+func file_app_tun_config_proto_init() {
+	if File_app_tun_config_proto != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if !protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		file_app_tun_config_proto_msgTypes[0].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*Config); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	type x struct{}
+	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
+		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
+			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
+			RawDescriptor: file_app_tun_config_proto_rawDesc,
+			NumEnums:      0,
+			NumMessages:   1,
+			NumExtensions: 0,
+			NumServices:   0,
+		},
+		GoTypes:           file_app_tun_config_proto_goTypes,
+		DependencyIndexes: file_app_tun_config_proto_depIdxs,
+		MessageInfos:      file_app_tun_config_proto_msgTypes,
+	}.Build()
+	File_app_tun_config_proto = out.File
+	file_app_tun_config_proto_rawDesc = nil
+	file_app_tun_config_proto_goTypes = nil
+	file_app_tun_config_proto_depIdxs = nil
+}
--- a/app/tun/config.proto
+++ b/app/tun/config.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package xray.app.tun;
+option csharp_namespace = "Xray.App.Tun";
+option go_package = "github.com/xtls/xray-core/app/tun";
+option java_package = "com.xray.app.tun";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+
+message Config {
+  string interface_name = 1;
+  repeated string inet4_address = 2;
+  repeated string inet6_address = 3;
+  uint32 mtu = 4;
+  bool auto_route = 5;
+  bool strict_route = 6;
+  repeated string inet4_route_address = 7;
+  repeated string inet6_route_address = 8;
+  bool endpoint_independent_nat = 9;
+  int64 udp_timeout = 10;
+  string stack = 11;
+  repeated uint32 include_uid = 12;
+  repeated string include_uid_range = 13;
+  repeated uint32 exclude_uid = 14;
+  repeated string exclude_uid_range = 15;
+  repeated int32 include_android_user = 16;
+  repeated string include_package = 17;
+  repeated string exclude_package = 18;
+
+  // for xray
+  bool auto_detect_interface = 100;
+  bool override_android_vpn = 101;
+}
--- a/common/xudp/errors.generated.go
+++ b/common/xudp/errors.generated.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package xudp
+package tun

 import "github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/errors"

--- a/app/tun/interface_finder.go
+++ b/app/tun/interface_finder.go
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package tun
+
+import (
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
+)
+
+var _ control.InterfaceFinder = (*myInterfaceFinder)(nil)
+
+type myInterfaceFinder struct {
+	ifs []net.Interface
+}
+
+func (f *myInterfaceFinder) update() error {
+	ifs, err := net.Interfaces()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	f.ifs = ifs
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *myInterfaceFinder) InterfaceIndexByName(name string) (interfaceIndex int, err error) {
+	for _, netInterface := range f.ifs {
+		if netInterface.Name == name {
+			return netInterface.Index, nil
+		}
+	}
+	netInterface, err := net.InterfaceByName(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	f.update()
+	return netInterface.Index, nil
+}
+
+func (f *myInterfaceFinder) InterfaceNameByIndex(index int) (interfaceName string, err error) {
+	for _, netInterface := range f.ifs {
+		if netInterface.Index == index {
+			return netInterface.Name, nil
+		}
+	}
+	netInterface, err := net.InterfaceByIndex(index)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	f.update()
+	return netInterface.Name, nil
+}
--- a/app/tun/packet_conn.go
+++ b/app/tun/packet_conn.go
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package tun
+
+import (
+	sing_common "github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	sing_buf "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/buf"
+	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/net"
+	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/singbridge"
+)
+
+type PacketConn struct {
+	N.PacketConn
+}
+
+func (p *PacketConn) ReadMultiBuffer() (buf.MultiBuffer, error) {
+	packet := buf.New()
+	packet.Extend(buf.Size)
+	sPacket := sing_buf.With(packet.Bytes())
+	destination, err := p.ReadPacket(sPacket)
+	if err != nil {
+		packet.Release()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	packet.Clear()
+	packet.Resize(int32(sPacket.Start()), int32(sPacket.Start()+sPacket.Len()))
+	destinationX := singbridge.ToDestination(destination, net.Network_UDP)
+	packet.UDP = &destinationX
+	return buf.MultiBuffer{packet}, nil
+}
+
+func (p *PacketConn) WriteMultiBuffer(mb buf.MultiBuffer) error {
+	defer buf.ReleaseMulti(mb)
+	for _, buffer := range mb {
+		destination := sing_common.PtrValueOrDefault(buffer.UDP)
+		err := p.PacketConn.WritePacket(sing_buf.As(buffer.Bytes()), singbridge.ToSocksaddr(destination))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/app/tun/tun.go
+++ b/app/tun/tun.go
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+package tun
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
+	sing_common "github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ranges"
+	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common"
+	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/net"
+	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/session"
+	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/singbridge"
+	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/core"
+	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/routing"
+	features_tun "github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/tun"
+	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/transport"
+	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/transport/internet"
+)
+
+//go:generate go run github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/errors/errorgen
+
+func init() {
+	common.Must(common.RegisterConfig((*Config)(nil), func(ctx context.Context, cfg interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return New(ctx, cfg.(*Config))
+	}))
+}
+
+var TunInitializer features_tun.Interface = (*Tun)(nil)
+
+type Tun struct {
+	ctx                    context.Context
+	dispatcher             routing.Dispatcher
+	logger                 logger.ContextLogger
+	tunOptions             tun.Options
+	stack                  string
+	endpointIndependentNat bool
+	udpTimeout             int64
+	tunIf                  tun.Tun
+	tunStack               tun.Stack
+	networkMonitor         tun.NetworkUpdateMonitor
+	interfaceMonitor       tun.DefaultInterfaceMonitor
+	packageManager         tun.PackageManager
+	interfaceFinder        *myInterfaceFinder
+}
+
+func New(ctx context.Context, config *Config) (*Tun, error) {
+	instance := core.MustFromContext(ctx)
+	tunInterface := &Tun{
+		ctx:                    ctx,
+		dispatcher:             instance.GetFeature(routing.DispatcherType()).(routing.Dispatcher),
+		logger:                 singbridge.NewLogger(newError),
+		stack:                  config.Stack,
+		endpointIndependentNat: config.EndpointIndependentNat,
+		udpTimeout:             int64(5 * time.Minute.Seconds()),
+		interfaceFinder:        new(myInterfaceFinder),
+	}
+	networkUpdateMonitor, err := tun.NewNetworkUpdateMonitor(tunInterface)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defaultInterfaceMonitor, err := tun.NewDefaultInterfaceMonitor(networkUpdateMonitor, tun.DefaultInterfaceMonitorOptions{
+		OverrideAndroidVPN: config.OverrideAndroidVpn,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defaultInterfaceMonitor.RegisterCallback(tunInterface.notifyNetworkUpdate)
+	if config.AutoDetectInterface {
+		networkUpdateMonitor.RegisterCallback(tunInterface.interfaceFinder.update)
+		const useInterfaceName = runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "android"
+		bindFunc := control.BindToInterfaceFunc(tunInterface.interfaceFinder, func(network string, address string) (interfaceName string, interfaceIndex int) {
+			remoteAddr := M.ParseSocksaddr(address).Addr
+			if useInterfaceName {
+				return defaultInterfaceMonitor.DefaultInterfaceName(remoteAddr), -1
+			} else {
+				return "", defaultInterfaceMonitor.DefaultInterfaceIndex(remoteAddr)
+			}
+		})
+		internet.UseAlternativeSystemDialer(nil)
+		internet.RegisterDialerController(bindFunc)
+		internet.RegisterListenerController(bindFunc)
+	}
+	if runtime.GOOS == "android" {
+		packageManage, err := tun.NewPackageManager(tunInterface)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		tunInterface.packageManager = packageManage
+	}
+	tunInterface.networkMonitor = networkUpdateMonitor
+	tunInterface.interfaceMonitor = defaultInterfaceMonitor
+	tunName := config.InterfaceName
+	if tunName == "" {
+		tunName = tun.CalculateInterfaceName("")
+	}
+	tunMTU := config.Mtu
+	if tunMTU == 0 {
+		tunMTU = 9000
+	}
+	includeUID := uidToRange(config.IncludeUid)
+	if len(config.IncludeUidRange) > 0 {
+		var err error
+		includeUID, err = parseRange(includeUID, config.IncludeUidRange)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse include_uid_range")
+		}
+	}
+	excludeUID := uidToRange(config.ExcludeUid)
+	if len(config.ExcludeUidRange) > 0 {
+		var err error
+		excludeUID, err = parseRange(excludeUID, config.ExcludeUidRange)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse exclude_uid_range")
+		}
+	}
+	if config.UdpTimeout != 0 {
+		tunInterface.udpTimeout = config.UdpTimeout
+	}
+	tunInterface.tunOptions = tun.Options{
+		Name:              tunName,
+		Inet4Address:      sing_common.Map(config.Inet4Address, netip.MustParsePrefix),
+		Inet6Address:      sing_common.Map(config.Inet6Address, netip.MustParsePrefix),
+		MTU:               tunMTU,
+		AutoRoute:         config.AutoRoute,
+		StrictRoute:       config.StrictRoute,
+		Inet4RouteAddress: sing_common.Map(config.Inet4RouteAddress, netip.MustParsePrefix),
+		Inet6RouteAddress: sing_common.Map(config.Inet6RouteAddress, netip.MustParsePrefix),
+		IncludeUID:        includeUID,
+		ExcludeUID:        excludeUID,
+		IncludeAndroidUser: sing_common.Map(config.IncludeAndroidUser, func(it int32) int {
+			return int(it)
+		}),
+		IncludePackage:   config.IncludePackage,
+		ExcludePackage:   config.ExcludePackage,
+		InterfaceMonitor: defaultInterfaceMonitor,
+		TableIndex:       2022,
+	}
+	return tunInterface, nil
+}
+
+func (t *Tun) Type() interface{} {
+	return features_tun.InterfaceType()
+}
+
+func (t *Tun) Start() error {
+	err := t.interfaceMonitor.Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = t.networkMonitor.Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if runtime.GOOS == "android" {
+		err = t.packageManager.Start()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		t.tunOptions.BuildAndroidRules(t.packageManager, t)
+	}
+	tunIf, err := tun.New(t.tunOptions)
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "configure tun interface")
+	}
+	t.tunIf = tunIf
+	t.tunStack, err = tun.NewStack(t.stack, tun.StackOptions{
+		Context:                t.ctx,
+		Tun:                    tunIf,
+		MTU:                    t.tunOptions.MTU,
+		Name:                   t.tunOptions.Name,
+		Inet4Address:           t.tunOptions.Inet4Address,
+		Inet6Address:           t.tunOptions.Inet6Address,
+		EndpointIndependentNat: t.endpointIndependentNat,
+		UDPTimeout:             t.udpTimeout,
+		Handler:                t,
+		Logger:                 t.logger,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = t.tunStack.Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	t.logger.Info("tun started at ", t.tunOptions.Name)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *Tun) NewConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
+	sid := session.NewID()
+	ctx = session.ContextWithID(ctx, sid)
+	t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "inbound connection from ", metadata.Source)
+	t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "inbound connection to ", metadata.Destination)
+	ctx = session.ContextWithInbound(ctx, &session.Inbound{
+		Source: net.DestinationFromAddr(metadata.Source.TCPAddr()),
+		Conn:   conn,
+	})
+	wConn := singbridge.NewConn(conn)
+	_ = t.dispatcher.DispatchLink(ctx, singbridge.ToDestination(metadata.Destination, net.Network_TCP), &transport.Link{
+		Reader: wConn,
+		Writer: wConn,
+	})
+	conn.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *Tun) NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, metadata M.Metadata) error {
+	sid := session.NewID()
+	ctx = session.ContextWithID(ctx, sid)
+	t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "inbound packet connection from ", metadata.Source)
+	t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "inbound packet connection to ", metadata.Destination)
+	ctx = session.ContextWithInbound(ctx, &session.Inbound{
+		Source: net.DestinationFromAddr(metadata.Source.UDPAddr()),
+	})
+	pc := &PacketConn{conn}
+	_ = t.dispatcher.DispatchLink(ctx, singbridge.ToDestination(metadata.Destination, net.Network_UDP), &transport.Link{
+		Reader: pc,
+		Writer: pc,
+	})
+	conn.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *Tun) Close() error {
+	return sing_common.Close(
+		t.packageManager,
+		t.interfaceMonitor,
+		t.networkMonitor,
+		t.tunStack,
+		t.tunIf,
+	)
+}
+
+func (t *Tun) OnPackagesUpdated(packages int, sharedUsers int) {
+	t.logger.Info("updated packages list: ", packages, " packages, ", sharedUsers, " shared users")
+}
+
+func (t *Tun) NewError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
+}
+
+func (t *Tun) notifyNetworkUpdate(int) error {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "android" {
+		var vpnStatus string
+		if t.interfaceMonitor.AndroidVPNEnabled() {
+			vpnStatus = "enabled"
+		} else {
+			vpnStatus = "disabled"
+		}
+		t.logger.Info("updated default interface ", t.interfaceMonitor.DefaultInterfaceName(netip.IPv4Unspecified()), ", index ", t.interfaceMonitor.DefaultInterfaceIndex(netip.IPv4Unspecified()), ", vpn ", vpnStatus)
+	} else {
+		t.logger.Info("updated default interface ", t.interfaceMonitor.DefaultInterfaceName(netip.IPv4Unspecified()), ", index ", t.interfaceMonitor.DefaultInterfaceIndex(netip.IPv4Unspecified()))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func uidToRange(uidList []uint32) []ranges.Range[uint32] {
+	return sing_common.Map(uidList, func(uid uint32) ranges.Range[uint32] {
+		return ranges.NewSingle(uint32(uid))
+	})
+}
+
+func parseRange(uidRanges []ranges.Range[uint32], rangeList []string) ([]ranges.Range[uint32], error) {
+	for _, uidRange := range rangeList {
+		if !strings.Contains(uidRange, ":") {
+			return nil, E.New("missing ':' in range: ", uidRange)
+		}
+		subIndex := strings.Index(uidRange, ":")
+		if subIndex == 0 {
+			return nil, E.New("missing range start: ", uidRange)
+		} else if subIndex == len(uidRange)-1 {
+			return nil, E.New("missing range end: ", uidRange)
+		}
+		var start, end uint64
+		var err error
+		start, err = strconv.ParseUint(uidRange[:subIndex], 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse range start")
+		}
+		end, err = strconv.ParseUint(uidRange[subIndex+1:], 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse range end")
+		}
+		uidRanges = append(uidRanges, ranges.New(uint32(start), uint32(end)))
+	}
+	return uidRanges, nil
+}
--- a/common/buf/copy.go
+++ b/common/buf/copy.go
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (

 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/errors"
 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/signal"
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/features/stats"
 )

 type dataHandler func(MultiBuffer)
@@ -41,17 +40,6 @@ func CountSize(sc *SizeCounter) CopyOption {
 	}
 }

-// AddToStatCounter a CopyOption add to stat counter
-func AddToStatCounter(sc stats.Counter) CopyOption {
-	return func(handler *copyHandler) {
-		handler.onData = append(handler.onData, func(b MultiBuffer) {
-			if sc != nil {
-				sc.Add(int64(b.Len()))
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 type readError struct {
 	error
 }
--- a/common/buf/override.go
+++ b/common/buf/override.go
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-package buf
-
-import (
-	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/net"
-)
-
-type EndpointOverrideReader struct {
-	Reader
-	Dest         net.Address
-	OriginalDest net.Address
-}
-
-func (r *EndpointOverrideReader) ReadMultiBuffer() (MultiBuffer, error) {
-	mb, err := r.Reader.ReadMultiBuffer()
-	if err == nil {
-		for _, b := range mb {
-			if b.UDP != nil && b.UDP.Address == r.OriginalDest {
-				b.UDP.Address = r.Dest
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return mb, err
-}
-
-type EndpointOverrideWriter struct {
-	Writer
-	Dest         net.Address
-	OriginalDest net.Address
-}
-
-func (w *EndpointOverrideWriter) WriteMultiBuffer(mb MultiBuffer) error {
-	for _, b := range mb {
-		if b.UDP != nil && b.UDP.Address == w.Dest {
-			b.UDP.Address = w.OriginalDest
-		}
-	}
-	return w.Writer.WriteMultiBuffer(mb)
-}
--- a/common/buf/readv_reader.go
+++ b/common/buf/readv_reader.go
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ var useReadv bool

 func init() {
 	const defaultFlagValue = "NOT_DEFINED_AT_ALL"
-	value := platform.NewEnvFlag(platform.UseReadV).GetValue(func() string { return defaultFlagValue })
+	value := platform.NewEnvFlag("xray.buf.readv").GetValue(func() string { return defaultFlagValue })
 	switch value {
 	case defaultFlagValue, "auto", "enable":
 		useReadv = true
--- a/common/crypto/auth.go
+++ b/common/crypto/auth.go
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ func (r *AuthenticationReader) readInternal(soft bool, mb *buf.MultiBuffer) erro
 	if size <= buf.Size {
 		b, err := r.readBuffer(int32(size), int32(padding))
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			return nil
 		}
 		*mb = append(*mb, b)
 		return nil
--- a/common/dice/dice.go
+++ b/common/dice/dice.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ package dice // import "github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/dice"

 import (
 	"math/rand"
+	"time"
 )

 // Roll returns a non-negative number between 0 (inclusive) and n (exclusive).
@@ -45,3 +46,7 @@ func (dd *DeterministicDice) Roll(n int) int {
 	}
 	return dd.Intn(n)
 }
+
+func init() {
+	rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix())
+}
--- a/common/drain/drainer.go
+++ b/common/drain/drainer.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package drain

 import (
 	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"

 	"github.com/xtls/xray-core/common/dice"
 )
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ func (d *BehaviorSeedLimitedDrainer) Drain(reader io.Reader) error {
 }

 func drainReadN(reader io.Reader, n int) error {
-	_, err := io.CopyN(io.Discard, reader, int64(n))
+	_, err := io.CopyN(ioutil.Discard, reader, int64(n))
 	return err
 }

--- a/common/errors/multi_error.go
+++ b/common/errors/multi_error.go
@@ -28,20 +28,3 @@ func Combine(maybeError ...error) error {
 	}
 	return errs
 }
-
-func AllEqual(expected error, actual error) bool {
-	switch errs := actual.(type) {
-	case multiError:
-		if len(errs) == 0 {
-			return false
-		}
-		for _, err := range errs {
-			if err != expected {
-				return false
-			}
-		}
-		return true
-	default:
-		return errs == expected
-	}
-}
--- a/common/log/log.pb.go
+++ b/common/log/log.pb.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.33.0
-// 	protoc        v4.23.1
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: common/log/log.proto

 package log
--- a/common/log/logger.go
+++ b/common/log/logger.go
@@ -27,11 +27,6 @@ type generalLogger struct {
 	done    *done.Instance
 }

-type serverityLogger struct {
-	inner    *generalLogger
-	logLevel Severity
-}
-
 // NewLogger returns a generic log handler that can handle all type of messages.
 func NewLogger(logWriterCreator WriterCreator) Handler {
 	return &generalLogger{
@@ -42,32 +37,6 @@ func NewLogger(logWriterCreator WriterCreator) Handler {
 	}
 }

-func ReplaceWithSeverityLogger(serverity Severity) {
-	w := CreateStdoutLogWriter()
-	g := &generalLogger{
-		creator: w,
-		buffer:  make(chan Message, 16),
-		access:  semaphore.New(1),
-		done:    done.New(),
-	}
-	s := &serverityLogger{
-		inner:    g,
-		logLevel: serverity,
-	}
-	RegisterHandler(s)
-}
-
-func (l *serverityLogger) Handle(msg Message) {
-	switch msg := msg.(type) {
-	case *GeneralMessage:
-		if msg.Severity <= l.logLevel {
-			l.inner.Handle(msg)
-		}
-	default:
-		l.inner.Handle(msg)
-	}
-}
-
 func (l *generalLogger) run() {
 	defer l.access.Signal()

@@ -98,7 +67,6 @@ func (l *generalLogger) run() {
 }

 func (l *generalLogger) Handle(msg Message) {
-
 	select {
 	case l.buffer <- msg:
 	default:
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More