Stage 8: 完成 SQLite 数据库存储集成

✨ 新功能: - 实现 DatabaseUserStore 结构体，支持 SQLite 数据库操作 - 创建 UserStore trait 抽象层，支持多种存储后端 - 添加数据库连接和表初始化功能 - 支持通过环境变量配置数据库 URL 🔧 技术改进: - 使用 SQLx 进行异步数据库操作 - 实现 trait-based 存储架构，便于扩展 - 添加完整的 CRUD 数据库操作 - 支持数据库错误处理和类型转换 🧪 测试验证: - 所有 API 端点正常工作 - 数据持久化到 SQLite 文件 - 用户创建、查询、登录功能完整 - 重复用户名检查正常工作 📁 文件变更: - 新增: src/storage/database.rs - SQLite 存储实现 - 新增: src/storage/traits.rs - 存储抽象 trait - 更新: src/storage/mod.rs - 导出新模块 - 更新: src/routes/mod.rs - 支持 trait 对象 - 更新: src/handlers/user.rs - 使用 trait 抽象 - 更新: src/main.rs - 数据库初始化逻辑 - 更新: Cargo.toml - 添加 SQLx 依赖 - 新增: .env - 数据库配置文件 🎯 学习目标达成: - 掌握 Rust 数据库集成 - 理解 trait 抽象设计模式 - 学习异步数据库操作 - 实践配置管理
2025-08-04 20:02:20 +08:00
parent 02540f17d3
commit c18f345475
10 changed files with 359 additions and 46 deletions
--- a/src/storage/database.rs
+++ b/src/storage/database.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+//! SQLite 数据库存储实现
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use sqlx::{SqlitePool, Row};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use crate::models::user::User;
+use crate::utils::errors::ApiError;
+use crate::storage::UserStore;
+
+/// SQLite 用户存储
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct DatabaseUserStore {
+    pool: SqlitePool,
+}
+
+impl DatabaseUserStore {
+    /// 创建新的数据库存储实例
+    pub fn new(pool: SqlitePool) -> Self {
+        Self { pool }
+    }
+
+    /// 从数据库 URL 创建新的数据库存储实例
+    pub async fn from_url(database_url: &str) -> Result<Self, ApiError> {
+        let pool = SqlitePool::connect(database_url)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| ApiError::InternalError(format!("无法连接到数据库: {}", e)))?;
+        
+        let store = Self::new(pool);
+        store.init_tables().await?;
+        Ok(store)
+    }
+
+    /// 初始化数据库表
+    pub async fn init_tables(&self) -> Result<(), ApiError> {
+        sqlx::query(
+            r#"
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
+                id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+                username TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+                email TEXT NOT NULL,
+                password_hash TEXT NOT NULL,
+                created_at TEXT NOT NULL,
+                updated_at TEXT NOT NULL
+            )
+            "#,
+        )
+        .execute(&self.pool)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| ApiError::InternalError(format!("数据库初始化错误: {}", e)))?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 创建用户
+    async fn create_user_impl(&self, user: User) -> Result<User, ApiError> {
+        let result = sqlx::query(
+            r#"
+            INSERT INTO users (id, username, email, password_hash, created_at, updated_at)
+            VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+            "#,
+        )
+        .bind(user.id.to_string())
+        .bind(&user.username)
+        .bind(&user.email)
+        .bind(&user.password_hash)
+        .bind(user.created_at.to_rfc3339())
+        .bind(user.updated_at.to_rfc3339())
+        .execute(&self.pool)
+        .await;
+
+        match result {
+            Ok(_) => Ok(user),
+            Err(sqlx::Error::Database(db_err)) if db_err.is_unique_violation() => {
+                Err(ApiError::Conflict("用户名已存在".to_string()))
+            }
+            Err(e) => Err(ApiError::InternalError(format!("数据库错误: {}", e))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 根据 ID 获取用户
+    async fn get_user_impl(&self, id: &Uuid) -> Result<Option<User>, ApiError> {
+        let result = sqlx::query(
+            "SELECT id, username, email, password_hash, created_at, updated_at FROM users WHERE id = ?"
+        )
+        .bind(id.to_string())
+        .fetch_optional(&self.pool)
+        .await;
+
+        match result {
+            Ok(Some(row)) => {
+                let user = User {
+                    id: Uuid::parse_str(&row.get::<String, _>("id"))
+                        .map_err(|e| ApiError::InternalError(format!("UUID 解析错误: {}", e)))?,
+                    username: row.get("username"),
+                    email: row.get("email"),
+                    password_hash: row.get("password_hash"),
+                    created_at: DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(&row.get::<String, _>("created_at"))
+                        .map_err(|e| ApiError::InternalError(format!("时间解析错误: {}", e)))?
+                        .with_timezone(&Utc),
+                    updated_at: DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(&row.get::<String, _>("updated_at"))
+                        .map_err(|e| ApiError::InternalError(format!("时间解析错误: {}", e)))?
+                        .with_timezone(&Utc),
+                };
+                Ok(Some(user))
+            }
+            Ok(None) => Ok(None),
+            Err(e) => Err(ApiError::InternalError(format!("数据库错误: {}", e))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 根据用户名获取用户
+    async fn get_user_by_username_impl(&self, username: &str) -> Result<Option<User>, ApiError> {
+        let result = sqlx::query(
+            "SELECT id, username, email, password_hash, created_at, updated_at FROM users WHERE username = ?"
+        )
+        .bind(username)
+        .fetch_optional(&self.pool)
+        .await;
+
+        match result {
+            Ok(Some(row)) => {
+                let user = User {
+                    id: Uuid::parse_str(&row.get::<String, _>("id"))
+                        .map_err(|e| ApiError::InternalError(format!("UUID 解析错误: {}", e)))?,
+                    username: row.get("username"),
+                    email: row.get("email"),
+                    password_hash: row.get("password_hash"),
+                    created_at: DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(&row.get::<String, _>("created_at"))
+                        .map_err(|e| ApiError::InternalError(format!("时间解析错误: {}", e)))?
+                        .with_timezone(&Utc),
+                    updated_at: DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(&row.get::<String, _>("updated_at"))
+                        .map_err(|e| ApiError::InternalError(format!("时间解析错误: {}", e)))?
+                        .with_timezone(&Utc),
+                };
+                Ok(Some(user))
+            }
+            Ok(None) => Ok(None),
+            Err(e) => Err(ApiError::InternalError(format!("数据库错误: {}", e))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 获取所有用户
+    async fn list_users_impl(&self) -> Result<Vec<User>, ApiError> {
+        let result = sqlx::query(
+            "SELECT id, username, email, password_hash, created_at, updated_at FROM users ORDER BY created_at DESC"
+        )
+        .fetch_all(&self.pool)
+        .await;
+
+        match result {
+            Ok(rows) => {
+                let mut users = Vec::new();
+                for row in rows {
+                    let user = User {
+                        id: Uuid::parse_str(&row.get::<String, _>("id"))
+                            .map_err(|e| ApiError::InternalError(format!("UUID 解析错误: {}", e)))?,
+                        username: row.get("username"),
+                        email: row.get("email"),
+                        password_hash: row.get("password_hash"),
+                        created_at: DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(&row.get::<String, _>("created_at"))
+                            .map_err(|e| ApiError::InternalError(format!("时间解析错误: {}", e)))?
+                            .with_timezone(&Utc),
+                        updated_at: DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(&row.get::<String, _>("updated_at"))
+                            .map_err(|e| ApiError::InternalError(format!("时间解析错误: {}", e)))?
+                            .with_timezone(&Utc),
+                    };
+                    users.push(user);
+                }
+                Ok(users)
+            }
+            Err(e) => Err(ApiError::InternalError(format!("数据库错误: {}", e))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 更新用户
+    async fn update_user_impl(&self, id: &Uuid, updated_user: User) -> Result<Option<User>, ApiError> {
+        let result = sqlx::query(
+            r#"
+            UPDATE users 
+            SET username = ?, email = ?, updated_at = ?
+            WHERE id = ?
+            "#,
+        )
+        .bind(&updated_user.username)
+        .bind(&updated_user.email)
+        .bind(updated_user.updated_at.to_rfc3339())
+        .bind(id.to_string())
+        .execute(&self.pool)
+        .await;
+
+        match result {
+            Ok(query_result) => {
+                if query_result.rows_affected() > 0 {
+                    Ok(Some(updated_user))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(None)
+                }
+            }
+            Err(e) => Err(ApiError::InternalError(format!("数据库错误: {}", e))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 删除用户
+    async fn delete_user_impl(&self, id: &Uuid) -> Result<bool, ApiError> {
+        let result = sqlx::query("DELETE FROM users WHERE id = ?")
+            .bind(id.to_string())
+            .execute(&self.pool)
+            .await;
+
+        match result {
+            Ok(query_result) => Ok(query_result.rows_affected() > 0),
+            Err(e) => Err(ApiError::InternalError(format!("数据库错误: {}", e))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl UserStore for DatabaseUserStore {
+    async fn create_user(&self, user: User) -> Result<User, ApiError> {
+        self.create_user_impl(user).await
+    }
+    
+    async fn get_user(&self, id: &Uuid) -> Result<Option<User>, ApiError> {
+        self.get_user_impl(id).await
+    }
+    
+    async fn get_user_by_username(&self, username: &str) -> Result<Option<User>, ApiError> {
+        self.get_user_by_username_impl(username).await
+    }
+    
+    async fn list_users(&self) -> Result<Vec<User>, ApiError> {
+        self.list_users_impl().await
+    }
+    
+    async fn update_user(&self, id: &Uuid, updated_user: User) -> Result<Option<User>, ApiError> {
+        self.update_user_impl(id, updated_user).await
+    }
+    
+    async fn delete_user(&self, id: &Uuid) -> Result<bool, ApiError> {
+        self.delete_user_impl(id).await
+    }
+}